道德領導、領導部屬交換關係及教師組織公民行為關係之研究：領導部屬交換關係差異之組織效果分析

Contextual Effects of Leader-member Exchange Differentiation on the Relationships Among Ethical Leadership, Leader-member Exchange, and Teacher Organizational Civil Behaviors

本研究探討領導部屬交換關係差異（LMXD）在預測中等學校道德領導，領導部屬交換關係（LMX）和教師組織公民行為（OCB）中的組織層次角色。先前的研究已經相當重視領導者和下屬的OCB，但是，在學校環境中進行的相關研究較少，關於LMXD如何影響人際關係的討論同樣偏少。本研究資料來源以領域教學為主的中等學校教師為對象，並聚焦中階領導人在團隊環境中的影響力。探討LMX在道德領導與教師組織公民行為的中介角色、以及LMXD在前述關係中的調節效果。研究結果指出LMX完全中介道德領導以及中等學校教師之組織公民行為。此外，LMXD調節了LMX-OCB之間的關係。故除了倡導領域召集人對中學教師的道德模範作用外，領導者與個別教師之間良好的對偶關係也是必要的。當下屬在團隊成員與領導者的關係中覺知有差異時，覺知更好LMX質量的人會有更好的組織公民行為。

Researches have paid considerable attention to leadership and subordinates' organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). However, fewer studies have been carried out in the school context, and there has been little discussion of how leader-member exchange quality differentiation (LMXD) affect relationships through the lens of group culture. The present study explores the role of LMXD at group level in predicting ethical leadership, leader-member exchange quality (LMX), and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) for high school teachers. This study applied Hierarchical Linear Model analysis for group level and individual level data to explore the mediating and moderating effects among variables. The results show that LMX plays a full mediation role in the relationship between ethical leadership and teachers’ OCBs. The results also suggest that LMXD moderates LMX-OCBs relationships. The findings suggest that in addition to advocating the exemplary ethical role of subject leaders for high school teachers, good dyadic relationships between leader and individual teacher is necessary for better teacher performance. The moderation effects of LMXD as group level factors are also positively demonstrated in the research results, especially for the influence of teachers' behavior.