台江國家公園擴大劃設之溝通與社會網絡分析

Communication and Social Network Analysis of the Expansion of Taijiang National Park3

位於台江國家公園北側的七股鹽田濕地與台江國家公園整體生態系統關係密切，但鹽田自停產後分屬不同公、私部門管理，無法發揮綜合管理效果，以致濕地逐漸流失，長遠而言國家公園擴大劃入進行管理有其必要性。然而政府在推動濕地保育的過程中，常面臨權利關係人反對及民團抗爭之窘境，主政者為緩解爭議，通常以公聽會或說明會來促進溝通與理解，但多數在溝通不足或不理性抗爭的情形下破局。因此，瞭解持不同意見立場的權利關係人之決策方式及其決策背後的關係網絡，特別是所處之位置與影響力，對促成公私協力及降低溝通成本相對重要。
本研究利用社會學領域的社會網絡分析（Social Network Analysis，SNA），釐清公、私、第三部門等權利關係人之互動關係與相對影響性，且關鍵角色之存在如何影響網絡內其他角色的決策。研究發現，在諮詢及信任網絡內，公部門扮演相當重要的中介關鍵角色，位居網絡關係結構的要徑上，負責傳遞重要資訊與資源，而私部門社區層級則有地域與資訊封閉情形，致彼此關係鬆散而難跨區互動與合作。此外，在網絡中均未見單一或多結構洞型式，表示未有獨佔資訊與傳遞資源的利益中介者出現。因此，在推動國家公園擴大劃設之策略上，主政者可透過相互支援與分工，在避免外部組織介入與干擾下集中資源向社區層級的反對者來宣導政策之利弊，如此應可有效促進公私協力之信任關係及節省溝通成本，以爭取社區層級之支持及共同協力發展。

The wetland and Qigu salt pan, located in the north of Taijiang National Park, has a close relationship with the overall ecosystem of Taijiang National Park. Since the suspension of production, the salt pan has been managed by different public and private departments, which means the management could not be developed comprehensively, resulting in the gradual loss of wetlands. In the long run, it is necessary to expand the allocation management for national parks. However, in the process of promoting wetland conservation, the government often faces the dilemma of opposition from interested parties and resistance from civil groups. In order to alleviate disputes, the head leader usually holds public hearings or seminars to have more communication and understanding, but it doesn't work well in the cases of misunderstanding or irrational public. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the decision-making methods of the interested parties with different opinions, where they stand and the relationship network behind their decisions, especially their position and influence, in order to promote public-private cooperation and reduce communication costs.
Based on the social network analysis in the field of sociology, this study clarifies the interactive relationship and the influence of stakeholders such as the government, private business and third parties, and how the key roles affect the decision making of others in the network. The study found that the consultation and trust network, the public sector plays an extremely critical role, ranking on the important path of the network relationship structure, responsible for transmitting important information and resources, while the geographical closure and limited information in the private sector, resulting in loose relations and the difficulty to interact and cooperate between sectors. In addition, there are no single or multiple structural holes in the network, indicating that there is no interest party who monopolizes information and transmission resources. Therefore, in the strategy of promoting the expansion and establishment of national parks, the leaders should gather resources and information to publicize the advantages and disadvantages of the policies to opponents at the community level through each other's support and cooperation, avoiding the intervention and interference of external organizations. Building mutual trust and saving communication costs, to win the support from the community and to develop the project profoundly.