產業群聚鄰近性、知識傳遞演化與其韌性能力建構之探討──以我國科學園區為例

Proximity, Knowledge Transfer and Resilience in a cluster–take the Evolution of Hsinchu Science Park for example

產業群聚內持續的知識傳遞與流動，是該群聚維持長期競爭力之關鍵要素。近年來，各式衝擊頻繁發生，有關區域經濟體與產業群聚的韌性議題，受到各界關注。而這些衝擊也可能阻礙產業群聚內的知識流動，進而限制產業群聚之發展，惟過往的研究大多關注於經濟表現，鮮少關注至群聚內的知識交流如何受到衝擊影響。本研究因而採用韌性觀點，檢視產業群聚內之創新模式及鄰近性演化，建構分別由二類臨近性與二類創新模式構成的四象限分析架構，試圖檢視衝擊事件是否使創新模式與鄰近性，於四象限的分析架構中產生轉變，以補足前述之缺口。為了進一步探討其內涵並使未來之政策建言更具參酌價值，本研究運用群聚之生命週期發展概念解析群聚演化，並以新竹科學園區作為研究對象，運用2008年之全球金融海嘯與2020年之Covid-19作為探討之衝擊事件，檢視其創新模式與鄰近性內涵，比較新竹科學園區於不同生命週期的發展階段時，面臨衝擊之創新模式與鄰近性之展現差異。

The continuous transfer of knowledge within an industrial cluster is a key element for the cluster to maintain its long-term competitiveness. In recent years, various shocks have occurred frequently, and issues related to the resilience of regional economies and industrial clusters have attracted attention. These shocks may also hinder the transfer of knowledge within industrial clusters, thereby limiting the development of industrial clusters. However, most of the previous studies have focused on economic performance, and little attention has been paid to how knowledge exchanges within the firms in cluster are affected by shocks. Therefore, this study adopted a resilience perspective, examined the evolution of innovation modes and proximity within industrial clusters, and constructed a four-quadrant analytical framework consisting of two types of proximity and two types of innovation modes, respectively. We attempted to examine whether shocks cause the shift of innovation modes and proximity in the four-quadrant analytical framework to fill the aforementioned gap. In order to further explored its connotation and make future policy advice more valuable, this study used the concept of life cycle development of clusters to analyze evolution. We took the Hsinchu Science Park as the research object, and used the global financial crisis in 2008 and the Covid-19 in 2020 as the shocks to compare the change of innovation modes and proximity at different life cycle stage.