論馬里伏劇作中的天真人物：以阿樂甘為例

On the Naive Characters in Marivaux's Plays: Taking Arlequin as an Example

部分文學虛構人物以天真為其特質。創作這類型的人物可能來自不同的動機，例如教育性、諷刺性或是喜劇性的目的。而關於天真這個詞彙，它可指涉人的缺點，也可代表人的品質。在戲劇方面，尤其是喜劇，它多偏向強調天真人物的負面品質，例如：輕信或無知。作為喜劇的重要作家，馬里伏對於天真人物的演化是否有任何貢獻？若有，其創新之處為何呢？本論文要透過對阿樂甘這個天真人物的研究來回應以上的問題。除了藉此理解馬里伏對這個，源自於義大利喜劇的人物，在改造上的獨特性，並探討這個人物與他的哲學理念的關聯。在馬里伏的戲劇作品中，阿樂甘出現於十三齣劇作，我們將挑選其中部分作品進行分析。本論文首先進行天真人物的歷史研究。而為了論證馬里伏在轉化這個人物的獨創性，我們將討論阿樂甘的天真性中所具有的多種雙重性。這些雙重性包括：從柔軟性到不可動搖性；從質樸性到精巧機敏性；從透明到晦澀。論文最後將指出阿樂甘在劇中所產生的鏡子功能與這個功能的多種用途，包括：比較性、教育性、揭露性。總結來說，藉由對阿樂甘之再創作的原創性研究，我們希望呈現馬里伏如何將看似不相容的兩個元素：天真與洞察力，結合在這個人物身上，並且因而呈現他的混合性、雙重性與多功能性。

In literature, some fictional characters are characterized by naivety. Creating this type of character may come from different motives, such as for educational, satirical or comic purposes. As far as naivety is concerned, it does not only represent the quality of human nature, but can also represent the defects of human nature. In drama, especially in comedy, traditionally it tends to emphasize the negative side of naive characters, such as credulity or ignorance. As an important comic writer, does Marivaux present any innovation in the creation of naive characters? If so, what is its originality? This study aims to respond to the above questions through the study of the innocent character, Arlequin. In addition to understanding Marivaux's innovation in the transformation of this character, which originated from Italian comedy, this paper also explores the relationship between this character and his moral philosophy. Among all Marivaux's plays, Arlequin appeared in 13 plays. We will select some of them for analysis. This paper firstly makes a historical study of the naive characters. Then, in order to demonstrate Marivaux's originality in transforming this character, we will explore the multiple duality of Arlequin's naivety. These dualities include: from flexibility to inflexibility; from simplicity to subtlety and agility; from transparency to obscurity. Finally, the paper will point out the mirror function produced by Arlequin in the play and its various uses, including comparative, educational and revealing. To sum up, through the study of the recreation of Arlequin, we hope to show how Marivaux combines two seemingly incompatible elements: naivety and clarity with this character, and thus presents his mixture, duality and versatility.