韓語前母音之歷史發展：以境外語料轉寫為主

Historical Development of the Korean Front Vowel Based on the Foreign Transcription of Chinese and Japanese

本研究旨在討論韓語前母音的歷史發展，並透過對境外的日語與漢語之韓諺轉寫，建立小型語料庫並進行量化研究。本研究利用三本日語文獻與兩本漢語文獻。日語文獻分別為《倭語類解》、《和語類解》與《日語類解》；漢語文獻為《譯語類解》與《華音啟蒙譯解》。藉由這五本文獻，分類利用韓諺來轉寫日語[e]與漢語的前母音[ei]與[jɛ]。語料庫共包含478個日語音節與355個漢語音節。結果顯示這三類母音的韓諺轉寫並不重複，可以區分不同前母音之類型。語料庫資料也顯示出聲母與韻母在搭配時有所限制，如唇音聲母不與後高母音搭配。本研究透過語料庫也發現新的轉寫模式，主要是受到語流影響，而產生後高母音的新現象。

This paper investigates the historical development of the Korean front vowel from a corpus-based approach by collecting data from the transcriptions of Chinese and Japanese in terms of Korean Hangul. Five sources of historical data are used in this paper. The Chinese sources include Yeokeo yuhae [Classifying and Explaining Chinese] and Hwaeum gyemong eonhae [Annotation of Hwaeum gyemong]; the Japanese sources include Waeeo yuhae [Classifying and Explaining Japanese], Waeo yuhae [Classifying and Explaining Japanese], and Ileo yuhae [Classifying and Explaining Japanese]. Transcriptions of Chinese front vowels [ei] and [jɛ] and the Japanese front vowel [e] in the five philological sources are analyzed. The corpus includes 478 syllables in Japanese and 355 syllables in Chinese. The results show that the three front vowels in Chinese and Japanese are clearly distinguished in the Korean transcriptions. The results also reveal a phonotactic constraint that labial onset does not combine with the back high vowel. Finally, there is a new finding that speech flow influences the transcription. In particular, the back high vowel is transricbed because of the influence of the labial feature in the preceding syllable.