論福樓拜《情感教育》中的時間經驗

The Experience of Time in Flaubert's Sentimental Education

在福樓拜作品的研究中，有關「時間」概念的議題，相對來說，至今較少有評論家的研究。為了盡可能彌補這一缺漏，本研究旨在思索《情感教育》中的時間經驗。除了分析小說中與時間的三個面向有關的主要議題：永恆的概念與行動的機制（現在）、不耐與延宕（未來）、懷舊與憂鬱（過去），本研究也將探討時間與道德之間的聯繫。文末，筆者將加入語意學與歷史的元素以對此書的標題作出詮釋，還有它與與時間的密切關係。儘管歸因於福樓拜的反諷，他並沒有以明確的方式引起讀者注意到「時間」在其小說中的重要性，然而，這部作品正是緊密地圍繞著時間與空間的概念所建構的。

The concept of time in Flaubert's works has received relatively little attention among critics. To fill this gap as much as possible, this work aims to offer an exploration of the experience of time in Sentimental Education. Apart from analyzing the principal problematics related to the three temporal dimensions in this novel: the concept of eternity and the mechanism of action (the present); impatience and procrastination (the future); nostalgia and melancholy (the past); this work will also focus on the links between time and morality. By way of conclusion, I will demonstrate an interpretation of the book title from both semantic and historical perspectives to show its strong connection with time. Although Flaubert has a great talent for irony, he does not explicitly draw his readers' attention to the importance of time in his novel. However, the author's work indeed centres around the concept of time and space, even though it is not explicitly stated.