矯正機關身心障礙收容人處遇制度國際比較研究

An international comparative study on the treatment system of the disabled inmates in correctional institutions

人權發展是衡量民主國家社會進步與發展的重要指標，維護身心障礙者的人性尊嚴，即使是身處在矯正機關中亦不應有差別對待。雖然我國矯正機關近年來針對身心障礙收容人的醫療人權已做出許多努力和改善，但相較先進國家，仍有諸多地方待改善。而監察院於2019年11月的調查報告亦指出，矯正機關對身心障礙收容人出現嚴重「漏接」情形，往往無法提供適切的診斷、醫療與支持。為瞭解國際社會之作法有何可供我國參採之處，本文透過介紹美國、英國及日本等國之身心障礙者權益法律規定、矯正機關醫療機制運作、矯正經費、身心障礙收容人處遇措施等現況，並與我國進行比較，從而提出未來改進方向。經綜整各國資料與我國現況進行比較分析後發現，我國矯正經費偏低，身心障礙收容人的醫療主管機關仍為矯正署，且該署的處遇措施多為原則性規範，缺乏細節。因此，本文提出以下結論與建議：一、硬體設施及經費有待加強，行政院應重視此一問題；二、社區身心障礙資源應導入矯正機關；三、建構身心障礙收容人跨網絡合作平台；四、應有政府部門作為連接矯正機關與社區身心障礙專責機關的橋樑；五、加強矯正人員對身心障礙收容人的認識；六、建置身心障礙收容人個案管理系統；及七、開發簡易身心障礙篩檢工具，並定期對所有收容人進行身心障礙狀況評估等7項，希能提供矯正機關後續推動與執行相關政策之參考。

The inmate in correctional agency has the same basic rights as any other person. Although Agency of Corrections have made many efforts and improvements in medical rights of disabled inmates,however, compared with advanced countries, there are still many areas that need to be improved. The Control Yuan's investigation report in November 2019 also pointed out that correctional agency often fail to provide appropriate diagnosis, medical treatment, and support for disabled inmates .This research collects and analyzes the date of legal system, organizational structure, operation status, adaptation needs and reasonable treatment adjustment of the physically and mentally disabled people in correctional institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. Based on the aforementioned research findings, this research proposes the following research recommendations 1.The hardware facilities and funding need to be strengthened, the Executive Yuan must pay attention to this issue.2.Community resources for disabled inmates should be integrated.3.The cross-network assistance platform for disabled inmates should be established.4.The specific government agencies should serve as a bridge connecting correctional agencies and community assistance agencies.5. It is needed to improve the correctional officers' awareness of the disabled inmates.6. The case management system for disabled inmates is also needed to set up.7.The simplified physical and mental disabilities screening tool should be developed, and used for regular physical and mental disability assessments for all inmates.