青少年主要照顧者的管教方式與依附關係及偏差行為之相關研究

Research on the relationship between the main caregiver's discipline, attachment and delinquency of adolescents

本研究旨在從青少年的觀點來探討主要照顧者的管教方式、依附關係與偏差行為的關係。主要研究目的有：（一）探討主要照顧者管教方式對青少年偏差行為的影響。（二）探討依附關係對青少年偏差行為的影響。（三）探討主要照顧者管教方式、依附關係與偏差行為間的關係，是否有性別差異。本研究採問卷調查法進行資料收集，抽取台北市、新北市與基隆市國中生共290份，回收262份有效樣本進行問卷調查，將所得資料以描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、階層迴歸分析等統計方法處理與分析。得到以下結果：主要照顧者會因性別在管教方式的反應上有顯著的不同；管教方式的確會影響青少年的依附關係以及參與偏差行為的多寡，青少年認為主要照顧者的管教方式屬於「開明權威」、「寬鬆放任」者，其依附關係的程度顯著高於使用管教方式為「專制權威」、「忽視冷漠」者；主要照顧者的管教方式為「忽視冷漠」的青少年，比管教方式為「開明權威」的青少年，參與更多的偏差行為。青少年愈能知覺主要照顧者給予安全感的程度愈高，與主要照顧者的依附關係愈好，偏差行為愈少；青少年主要照顧者的管教方式因青少年性別的不同而有差異：主要照顧者對女性少年的「反應」愈高，參與的偏差行為愈少；對男性少年的「要求」愈高，參與的偏差行為愈多。不同性別的青少年在偏差行為上有顯著差異，男性青少年比女性參與更高的偏差行為。

This research aims to explore the association among the main caregiver’s parenting style, attachment and delinquent behaviors from the perspective of adolescents. The research purposes mainly include: (1) to explore the influence of the main caregiver's parenting style on adolescents' delinquent behavior; (2) to explore the influence of adolescents’ attachment to main caregivers on their delinquency; and (3) to examine the possible differences in the associations among the main caregiver's parenting style, attachment and delinquent behavior. This study analyzed the data derived from a survey with a sample of 262 adolescents. The findings showed that the main caregivers’ parenting styles and attachment both had direct impacts upon adolescents’ delinquent behaviors; especially, the higher levels of attachment between adolescents and their main caregivers, the less delinquent behaviors the adolescents would have. Furthermore, the study found that the parenting styles of the caregivers were different towards male and female adolescents. Also, the study found gender differences in delinquent involvement; particularly, male adolescents engaged in more delinquent behaviors than females.