從私權威觀點看自願性全球標準的發展

The Development of Voluntary Global Standards: The Perspective of Private Authority

本文試圖深入分析私權威的概念，並評析近期學界對於自願性全球標準的研究成果。本文認為，私權威的概念能對全球治理研究提供兩項重要貢獻：首先，私權威的概念挑戰了強調國際無政府狀態的傳統觀點以及以國家為中心的研究途徑。其次，私權威的概念有助於研究者以行為者導向的途徑來解釋全球治理中的變異現象。以私權威的概念作為基礎，本文疏理了自願性全球標準的發展情勢，並以氣候債券倡議組織作為關鍵個案，評析自願性全球標準的三個研究方向：自願性全球標準的形成、自願性全球標準在形式上的變異，以及自願性全球標準的成效。本文最後在結論中提出對未來研究的建議。

This article examines the concept of private authority and the current studies of voluntary global standards. This article argues that the concept of private authority can contribute to the study of global governance in two ways. First, the concept of private authority challenges the traditional views of international anarchy and the state-center approach. Second, the concept of private authority provides the foundation for the actor-oriented approach to explain the variation in global governance. Based on the concept of private authority, this article discusses the development of voluntary global standards. Additionally, by investigating a case of the Climate Bonds Initiative, this article critically reviews three crucial research topics of voluntary global standards: the emergence, the variation in the forms, and the effectiveness of voluntary global standards. The conclusion then outlines some suggestions for future studies.