臺灣援外計畫影響之實證評估：以海地糧食安全計畫（2011～2013）為例

An Empirical Evaluation of Taiwan’s Foreign Aid Projects: Case Study of a Food Security Development Project in Haiti (2011-2013)

自1990年代後，對外援助自傳統經濟援助逐漸轉變為建立國際合作發展之夥伴關係，惟在國際關係領域中尚未形成國際合作之完整理論體系。本研究以實證方式將我國援外計畫之成果與國際關係理論與實務進行對話與論證。本研究透過自編結構式問卷與糧食不安全題組（Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, HFIAS）進行橫斷式調查，並採用準實驗設計（Quasi-Experimental Design）方法，分析我國援外計畫介入之成效。本研究結果指出，「灌溉條件」為影響稻作單位面積產量之關鍵因素，另家戶收入亦為影響家戶糧食安全的主要因素。此外，海地參與受評計畫雖未直接對稻作單位面積產量產生影響，但計畫之介入確實影響農民使用稻種之習慣。另本研究以社會投資報酬率（SROI）方法評估，結果顯示計畫輔導之碾米廠與農民持續創造97萬美元，顯示計畫每投入1美元，可於當地創造5.5美元的價值。而計畫結束後，計畫輔導之碾米廠多數仍運作良好並持續創造價值，更顯示計畫推動之稻作生產系統業已建立。整體而言，本研究結果顯示，援外計畫能由小見大地展現對外援助典範之轉移，亦為國際關係領域在國際合作與援外機制之發展提供對話的平台。未來在同類型援助計畫設計與執行，建議針對區域環境與相關限制因素深入探討，透過降低農業生產成本風險與促進農業生產以外之經濟活動，方能提升海地家戶生計與糧食安全，並逐步協助建立完善農業發展價值鏈。

Since the 1990s, foreign aid has gradually transformed from traditional economic aid to the concept of international cooperation and development. However, a complete theoretical system of international cooperation has not yet been formed in the field of international relations. This study is based on scientific positivist perspectives to connect the theory and practice of international cooperation. The results show that irrigation conditions is the major factor for the yield per unit area of rice cultivation. Similarly, the results also indicate that household income is the main factor for household food security. Although participation in Haiti’s project has not directly affected the yield per unit area of rice cultivation, project intervention was the cause that made farmers change practices and adopt certified seeds. This study also uses the Social Return on Investment (SROI) method. A SROI analysis shows that millers and farmers generated a total revenue of US$970,000. Every $1 invested there is a social return of 5.5. In addition, the milling centers funded by the project are still running and making profit, demonstrating that the reinforced rice supply chain has been adopted by the local farmers of Artibonite Valley. The results prove and demonstrate the social impact and social value of this project. Finally, the results of this study show that aid projects can demonstrate the transfer of foreign aid paradigms from a small perspective, which can provide a platform for dialogue on international cooperation theory and the development of aid mechanisms. In the future, in order to improve livelihoods and food security, international food and agricultural cooperation projects need to focus on discussing the regional environment and related constraints, strengthening farmers’ organizations, increasing household incomes, and diversifying the products of small agricultural enterprises.