科技不確定性與風險預防原則的制度化

引入風險預防原則處理“決策於不確定性之中”的法治難題在當前漸成共識，但風險預防原則也受到制度意涵含糊不清等批評；為回應此批評，研究者們提出了風險預防原則制度化的諸多方案。結合具體事例的考察能夠更清晰地揭示科技不確定性風險對現有法律制度的挑戰，即風險受害人無論通過私法還是公法上的傳統進路尋求救濟時均會遇上與“知識有限”相關的法律障礙；在引入風險預防原則以處理此類挑戰時，有必要反思既有制度化方案忽略“知識有限”這一現實約束條件的可能偏差。考慮到不確定性的根源即“知識有限”，風險預防原則制度化的正確方向應是在具體情境中依據該原則的精神，在當下共同決策、共擔風險；在未來則持續學習、動態調整。

When new subway routes were planned around Peking University, debates on their environmental impact evaluation raised as to the predicted influence of metro trains inducing vibrations on sensitive instruments, have shown how scientific uncertainty has been challenging modern law. The traditional legal approaches, be it private law nor public law, are limited in dealing with this kind of challenge. hence it is reasonable to turn to the precautionary principle. Introducing the precautionary principle into existing legal system requires carefully clarifying its legal implications and transforming it into specific norms concerning procedures and reasons of the risky decision under uncertainty.