2018-2020年國際柔道裁判規則之探討

A Study on the International Judo Refereeing Rules from 2018 to 2020

運動競賽為符合公正、公平、公開的原則，順應時代潮流不斷修訂比賽規則已成為現在競技運動項目之常態。國際柔道總會(International Judo Federation，IJF)依循嘉納治五郎先生「精力善用，自他共榮」的精神與核心價值，以奧運 4 年為週期，做出了幾次較大的改革和修訂，從比賽時間、得分標準、裁罰制度、黃金得分、柔道服以及教練服儀與指導等各個方面均陸續進行調整與修訂。在運動賽會中，裁判規則對於裁判執法、選手競技戰術戰略，以及教練日常訓練方針等等，具有重要的影響，亦是引導賽會走向的最重要因素之一。為增進我國從事柔道競技人員對於最新規則之了解，本文根據相關的新修正規則做深入淺出的探討，最後再根據新規則對訓練、教學與比賽戰術等做出建議。

In modern sport competitions, for the principles of equity, fairness, and openness, it has been a usual condition for competitive sports that the refereeing rules are modified frequently. According to the principle of “best use of energy and mutual prosperity” which is the core value of Judo and proposed by Judo founder Jigoro Kano, International Judo Federation (IJF) modifies Judo rules with a period according to Olympic Games of every four years. The modified rules include competition time, scoring criterion, penalties, golden score, judogi, coach guidelines, and so on. For competitive sports, the refereeing rules not only have significant impact on the decisions of referees, competition strategies of athletes, and daily training policies of coaches, but also lead how the competitions to be conducted. To improve the understand about Judo refereeing rules of the Judo related members in Taiwan, in this study we investigated the latest Judo refereeing rules, and proposed some suggestions for Judo training, teaching, and competition strategies.