高空工作車安全驗證之探索

The Investigation of Safety Certification for Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs)

高空工作車（Mobile elevating work platforms, MEWPs）作為載運工作人員於高處作業之車輛機械，構造與功能性多元，種類繁多，如何確保操作人員安全，值得省思與探討。108年4月30日修正發布之職業安全衛生設施規則第128-8條，明定「高空工作車之構造，應符合國家標準CNS 14965、CNS 16368、CNS 16653系列及CNS 18893、國際標準ISO 16368、ISO 16653系列、ISO 18893或與其同等之標準相關規定。為瞭解高空工作車符合安全標準之相關驗證事項，本文分析國內進口高空工作車之來源及其安全相關法規之現況，比較國際（區域）標準與國家標準（CNS）之差異性，並依據國家標準CNS 16368規劃建置高空工作車試驗場地、設施及制定標準檢測程序，及呈現國內高空工作車試行試驗之結果，以評估規劃之試驗場地、設施及標準檢測程序是否符合要求或具可行性。對於高空工作車本質安全性能之管理方式，建議參酌職業安全衛生法所定車輛機械風險等級管理，尋求製造或輸入業者及事業單位（雇主）等共識。另有關中古高空工作車因逐車試驗可能面對之破壞性檢測問題，建議研議調合相關標準或提供佐證性能（強度）證明文件等相關配套措施，以符合國情及市場需求。另為預防高空工作車操作人員之不當操作行為造成職業災害，導入高空工作車操作人員訓練制度，應為優先推動辦理之工作事項。

Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) is one kind of vehicle machinery for operators working at heights. Due to the variety of structure and function for every MEWPs, the measure ensuring the safety of operators should be investigated. The requirements of Article 128-8 in the Occupational Safety and Health Facility Rules amended on April 30, 2019, stated that ''The structure of MEWPs should conform to CNS 14965, CNS 16368, CNS 16653 series and CNS 18893, ISO 16368, ISO 16653 Series, ISO 18893 or other equivalent standards. '' In order to realize the relevant conformity certification of MEWPs with safety standards, this article not only analyzes the sources of domestic imported MEWPs and the status of safety-related regulations, but also compares the differences between international (regional) and CNS standards. Besides it plans to build test facilities and stipulate standard inspection procedures for MEWPs according to CNS 16368, and presents the trial results of MEWPs safety test to assess the conformity of the planned test facilities and standard inspection procedures with the requirements of CNS 16368 or the feasibility of these plans . To seek consensus among manufacturers, importers and employers, the performance management for of intrinsic safety to MEWPs is recommended to refer to the risk level management of vehicle machinery specified by the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Besides, due to vehicle-by-vehicle tests, the MEWPs may need to resolve destructive test problems. It is recommended to issue the related supporting measures that meet the domestic and market needs, such as to harmonize the relevant standards or to provide supporting certification documents for performance (strength). Additionally, to prevent occupational injury caused by improper operation of MEWPs operators, the establishment of the training scheme for MEWPs operators should be the priority work.