從齋堂到佛寺：以六堆客家地區為例

From Vegetarian Hall (zhaitang齋堂) to Buddhist Temple: A Case Study in the Liudui (六堆) Hakka Area

本研究探討六堆客家地區齋堂的演變。研究發現六堆客家十七間齋堂，多數創建於日治時期，受到日本臨濟宗影響，自日治中期以來逐漸空門化。六堆客家齋堂比較親近先天派與大崗山派；佛光山與中臺禪寺曾有意接管六堆客家齋堂，今中臺禪寺經營萬巒志成佛寺，佛光山與五溝水映泉禪寺友好，法鼓山與慈濟尚無業績。綜觀多數齋堂變成佛寺，少數齋堂與其他信仰共存，或轉化成其他信仰，若干齋堂維持舊建築與原神祇。

This study aims to investigate the development of the zhaitangs in the Liudui Hakka area. This research has uncovered seventeen zhaitangs, the majority of which were established during the Japanese colonial period and were influenced by the Rinzai Zen school. Since the middle of the Japanese colonial period, these zhaitangs have gradually become“Buddhicized”. The zhaitangs in the Liudui Hakka area are more closely related to the Prior Heavens Sector the Mount Dagang Sect. Buddha Light Mountain and Chung Tai Chan Monastery have expressed desires to take control of the zhaitangs in the Liudui Hakka area. Now, the latter operates Zhicheng Buddhist Temple in Wanluan, while the former has an amicable relationship with the Yingquan Chan Monastery in Wugoushui. However, Dharma Drum Mountain and Tzi Chi do not have any existing relationships with zhaitangs in the area. In general, most zhaitangs have been transformed into Buddhist temples, and few coexist with other beliefs or have shifted to other forms of belief. Some zhaitangs have been able to maintain their original buildings and deities.