區辨模式沙盤督導，對受督焦慮與督導效能之影響：十二次沙盤督導之研究

Effect of Sandtray in the Discrimination Model of Supervision on Supervisee Anxiety and Supervisory Effectiveness: A Study of a 12-Session Sandtray Supervision

本研究探究區辨模式沙盤督導對受督焦慮與督導效能之影響，共招募5對大學場域之全職實習諮商心理師及其督導者，配對督導者──受督導者，進行每週一次、共12次沙盤督導，督導單元依據本模式六個步驟進行。本研究以質性為主、量性為輔，研究參與者在沙盤督導第四、八、十二次後，接受個別訪談，共三次。受督導者接受沙盤督導前，填寫「預期受督導者焦慮量表」；督導者進行沙盤督導後，填寫「沙盤督導自我評估表」，共12次。訪談資料以內容分析法進行分析，量表資料以Wilcoxon等級檢定加以分析，以了解受督導者在督導歷程的焦慮情形及依循區辨模式督導者運用沙盤督導的效能及其轉變。結果顯示受督焦慮主題為：擺盤克服挑戰、展露安心；沙盤承載情緒、安放焦慮；沙圖具象故事、顯現脈絡；沙盤照映內在、滋長力量。督導效能主題為：跨越擔憂、喚發信心；隨心駕馭、斟酌平衡的督導焦點；水能載舟、亦能覆舟的督導者角色；穩固同盟、豐厚理解；共同觀盤、效能提升。結果亦顯示受督焦慮達統計顯著下降、督導效能無統計差異。研究者依據結果提出討論與對未來研究與實務的建議。

In Taiwan, the Psychologists Act was passed almost 20 years ago. According to the regulations, counseling psychology education must consist of core professional courses and 1-year full-time internship (Psychologist Act, 2020). This internship is a necessary component in which counselors-in-training integrate the knowledge acquired in their professional courses into counseling practice. As part of practical learning during the full-time internship, gaining supervision experience is essential. During the past decade, creative supervision of expressive arts such as puppet play, sandtray activities, and drawing has gradually developed and received increased attention. The creative activities in creative supervision involve interactive relationships among the supervisor, supervisee, and client. The symbolic and metaphoric communication in these relationships can be presented through creative works and can deepen the discussions between supervisor and supervisee. Creative works can assist the supervisee in expanding the vision of a client's inner world and in expressing their personal emotions. Creative approaches also support the supervisor in enhancing their supervisory working alliance and supervisory effectiveness. Sandtray therapy, developed by Lowenfeld (1979), creates a safe and protective space in which individuals can exercise control, lower their defenses, overcome resistance, set boundaries and limits, address interpersonal and intrapersonal problems, and express non-verbalized emotional concerns. With its nonverbal characteristics, sandtray therapy is beneficial in terms of both counseling and clinical supervision. The discrimination model of clinical supervision contains two dimensions that cover the foci of supervision and roles of the supervisor, all of which unite in a three-by-three matrix to form nine supervisory strategies. The foci of supervision comprise intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills, and the roles of the supervisor comprise teacher, counselor, and consultant (Bernard, 1979; Bernard & Goodyear, 2019).