個案研究於教學上之實踐析探

The Practice of Case Studies in Teaching

個案研究具有探索性的特質，如果得到適當地應用，可使學生在學習的當下，展現出他積極的一面。個案研究不僅可以用來鼓勵創造性思維和作為輔導教學方法，而且還可以為學習者提供各種複雜性和可變性的真實場景。個案研究盡可能的接近將現實情境導入教室，無論該教室是在家庭中、學校中、還是在工作場所中。然而，儘管合適的個案研究可以讓新手學習者了解過去的解決方案，從而有效增進渠等的專業知識及技能，但教師在運用個案研究的同時，仍須審慎的藉由資料的蒐集與比較分析，以期在研究討論的過程當中能有更進一步的詳細觀察、邏輯思考、態樣反應、特質發現等，俾利有效評估學生的表現；否則，將會影響到個案研究的實質成效。因此，本文旨在揭櫫個案研究在教學上的實踐，以便有一透徹認識，並對相關問題提出深入地剖析與建議，以為尋求解決的途徑。

Given the exploratory nature, case studies can place students in active positions in the learning process when appropriately applied. Not merely can case studies be utilized to encourage creative thinking and facilitate decision making, case studies can afford learners real-world scenarios in all their complexity and variability. Case studies further come as close as possible to bringing the real world into the classroom, regardless of whether that classroom is at home, in a school, or the workplace. Albeit suitable cases can be effective in building expertise by allowing novice learners to develop knowledge of past solutions, instructors who apply case studies may not understand how to observe, react, select, prepare for, facilitate, and evaluate student performance on case study discussions. This insufficiency of knowledge may affect the effectiveness of the case study. This paper, therefore, aims to present the practice of case studies in teaching and provide recommendations for the use of case studies.