大一學生歷經創傷事件與復原力模式之研究

The Resilience Model among First-Year College Students Who Experienced Traumatic Events

本研究旨在探討大一學生歷經創傷事件與適應結果的關係，以及了解歷經創傷事件大一學生的復原力機制。本研究以國內六所大學2，806位一年級學生為研究樣本，以結構方程模式的路徑分析檢視復原力模型。研究結果發現，大一學生歷經創傷事件的盛行率約41%，至少歷經一種創傷事件大一學生整體適應指標低於沒有歷經創傷事件之大一學生。有歷經創傷事件且高適應的大一學生，比低適應者有更高程度的樂觀、自尊、安全的依附關係、社會支持與積極因應，這些資源變項，加上歷經創傷類別數量，大致可以解釋歷經創傷事件大一學生適應指標55%的變異量，其中效果值最大的是自尊，而路徑模型顯示在樂觀、自尊、安全依附等資源變項與適應結果之間，社會支持和積極因應扮演重要的中介角色。此外，本研究發現歷經越多種類創傷事件反而對社會支持與積極因應具有正向預測性。本研究最後針對歷經創傷事件大一學生的復原力模型提出討論，並分別對大學諮商與學生事務及未來的研究提出建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to traumatic events and adaptation outcome among first-year college students， and to examine the effects of psychosocial resources on first-year college students with a history of exposure to traumatic events. Survey data from 2，806 first-year college students of six universities in Taiwan were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The study found approximately 41% of respondents reported at least one traumatic event and the group of students who reported having experienced any trauma in the past scored lower on adaptation index than participants who did not. Results also indicated that well-adjusted students who had experienced any trauma had greater optimism， higher self-esteem， stronger secure attachment， more perceived social support， and greater use of proactive coping， as compared to maladaptive students. These psychosocial resources and the number of different types of traumas explained about 55% of the variance in adaptation index. The effect of self-esteem on adaptation index was the most significant. Moreover， the path model indicated that perceived social support and proactive coping partially mediated the relationship between optimism/self-esteem/attachment and adaptation index. In addition， the study found that the number of different types of traumas was a predictor of perceived social support and proactive coping. Implications for these complex relations are discussed for both counseling interventions and future research.