1950年代新疆突厥語族文字改革方案興廢背後的語言政治史

Language Politics: The Evolution of the PRC’s Turkic Script Reform Policy in Xinjiang in the 1950s

近代突厥語族文字的改革，是一個與政治因素相關的議題；在不同帝國、不同的現代民族國家間，這一議題也有政治和文化上的連動關係。本文在探討奧圖曼─土耳其文字改革、俄─蘇境內的突厥語族文字改革對新疆突厥語族文字改革的影響的基礎上，觀察1950年代中共主導下新疆突厥語族文字改革的過程，檢視其背後的語言政治史線索。現代國家通常都會制訂以國族整合為目標的語言政策，但其實踐過程，往往必須在國族整合與保持文化多元之間尋求平衡。1950年代新疆突厥語族文字拉丁化方案的興廢，呈現出這種理想狀態失衡的後果。

"The reform of the script of modern Turkic languages is a topic related to political factors. This particular issue also has political and cultural linkages between different empires and different modern nation states. This paper, based on the discussion of the influence of Turkic script reform in Ottoman-Turkey and the Russia-Soviet on the reform of Xinjiang’s Turkic scripts, observes the process of the reform of the Turkic scripts in Xinjiang under the regime of PRC in the 1950s and examines the clues of language politics behind it. Modern nations usually formulate language policies for the purpose of national integration; however, in practice, it is often necessary to find a balance between national integration and maintaining cultural diversity. In the evolution of the Latinization of the Turkic Scripts in Xinjiang in the 1950s, this ideal state was out of balance."