西方之外有「哲學」嗎？－－「中國哲學之合法性」辯論與學科知識的全球拓展

Is There “Philosophy” outside the West?: The “Legitimacy of Chinese Philosophy” Debate and the Global Extension of Disciplinary Knowledge

本文試圖以一全新的眼光探討「中國哲學的合法性」論戰。近來許多對此論戰的研究評論，認為其缺乏焦點與意義，並對於「中國」與「西方」二元對立的基本立場產生威脅。相反的，我在文中指出，此論戰實際上提出了諸多與知識全球化相關的重要議題，超越了任何特定邊緣化思想體系的內部考量。此論戰探問的是，在這些邊緣化思想體系容許自身被譯介入理應更為「現代」的知識表達語言的過程中，一個特定學科的術語是如何塑造並框限了該特定知識形式的發展。在此過程中，這場爭論揭示了權力的不平等，而這種權力的不平等，相當諷刺地，正是試圖把邊緣化文化思想體系納入既定學科的推手，而這場爭論也在這種「包容」進行的當下，隱晦地指出那些被遺忘或消音的可能替代方案。

"This essay offers a fresh look at the “legitimacy of Chinese philosophy” debate. Many recent assessments of the debate argue that it lacks focus and significance, and threatens to reify essentialist binaries of “China” versus “the West.” I argue, in contrast, that the debate actually raises several issues of great significance to the globalization of knowledge, and that these extend beyond the internal concerns of any particular marginalized body of thought. The debate asks how, in the very process of enabling their translation into presumably more “modern” languages of intellectual expression, the terms of a specific academic discipline shape and constrain the development of particular forms of knowledge. In doing so, the debate reveals the inequalities of power that ironically underlie attempts to include culturally marginalized bodies of thought within established disciplines, and suggests the range of alternatives that are silenced or forgotten when this “inclusion” takes place."