唐代文明發生論──以《貞觀政要》為中心

On the origin mechanism of civilization in Tang Dynasty--Focusing on Zhenguan Zhengyao (《貞觀政要》)

「武」和「儒」是造就唐代文明的兩大因素，至關重要。唐代文明發生機制的討論，即是闡述二者的重要性以及二者如何產生有機聯繫。首先，在「人」的因素上：一，李氏集團乃傳統軍功貴族出身。二，李氏集團在團結各方勢力之威望上、在李氏骨幹成員上、在姻親之黨的強盛上，皆有突出表現。三，取代突厥成為華夷之共主。四，在統治上尊重不同習俗，實行二元或多元體制。五，君臣共治源於軍事傳統。其次，由《貞觀政要》可見，在為政之「行」上，唐代以「恭、寬、信、敏、惠」治國，儒家色彩濃厚。其次，在整體上，唐代有意識地、全面地選擇儒家思想治國，即「文德」政治。最后，為什麼李氏集團選擇接受儒家？一，「文德」政治本身的魅力。二，順應歷史潮流的發展。三，經學門閥集團的集體意志。四，偃武修文的必要。五，太宗君臣的自我期許。新興征服王朝與傳統儒家思想全面、深入結合，由此發生并創建了影響深遠的一代文明。

"'Wu''（武）and ''Confucianist'' are the two major factors of Tang Dynasty civilization, which are very important. The discussion of the mechanism of the Tang Dynasty civilization is to expound the importance of the two and study how they are combined. First of all, on the ''human'' factor: 1, Li's group is a traditional military noble origin.2、 Li's group has outstanding performance in the prestige of uniting various forces, in the backbone members of the Li family, and in the strength of in laws.3、It replaced the Tujue（突厥）as the leader of the alliance of grassland and Central Plains.4、The rulers of the Tang Dynasty respected different customs and practiced a dual or pluralistic system. 5、 The joint rule of the monarch and the ministers stems from the military tradition. Secondly, it can be seen from Zhenguan Zhengyao （《貞觀政要》） that the Tang Dynasty ruled the country with ''respect, leniency, faith, sensitivity and benefit'' in the ''conduct'' of politics, with strong Confucian color. Secondly, on the whole, the Tang Dynasty consciously and comprehensively chose Confucianism to govern the country. Finally, why did the Li group choose to accept Confucianism? 1、The charm of ''Wende'' （文德） politics itself. 2、Conform to the development of historical trend. 3、The collective will of the Confucian chool group. 4、The necessity of Yan Wu Xiuwen （偃武修文）.5、Taizong Junchen's （太宗君臣）self expectation. The new conquering Dynasty combined with traditional Confucianism comprehensively and deeply, which created a generation of civilization with far-reaching influence."