魚蝦豐收：臺灣養殖產業的漁具、生死網目與技藝體現

"Good Seafood Harvest: Fishing Gear, Life-Death Mesh, and Embodied Skills in Taiwanese Aquaculture"

漁具是臺灣養殖漁民必須熟悉的工具，否則養魚而不能抓魚，難以實現魚蝦豐收的希望（hi-bāng，漁網的臺語同音）。除了漁網，臺灣養殖產業已發展出不同類型的漁具滿足產業鏈上各種需求。筆者整理從2012年起對漁民（包括養殖漁民、抓魚工人及製網師傅）如何使用漁具的觀察，分析由「物」（thing）交織而成的人和水下生物之關係，並延伸討論鑲嵌在產業中的人與動物關係。本文將從臺灣養殖漁業切入，同時從人與非人的角度出發，採用Think Through Thing的方法論，思考三個題目：1.編織、使用和修補漁網時的思考，以及「生死網目」的形成；2.漁具的設計、使用及爭議，以及其延伸出來的政治、經濟和社會關係；3.分苗、養殖及抓魚過程中有關漁具的技藝體現。從中，筆者亦藉著反思「出席」（attend）作為Think Through Gear方法論的田野方式，投入人與非人的關係、身體感及產業文化的討論，從而促進環境人類學中TTT方法論的對話。

"Taiwanese fish farmers must be familiar with various kinds of fishing gear in order to fulfil their goal of a good harvest. The Taiwanese aquaculture industry has developed many different types of equipment for different parts of the industry. This article presents field data collected from 2012 to illustrate how fish farmers, harvesting masters, and fish net makers use the gear. I analyze how things interweave to generate relationships between human and aquatic beings. I introduce the''Think Through Thing''methodology to reflect on three issues: 1) the formation of a''life-death mesh''during the making, using, and repairing of fish nets; 2) the political, economic, and social relationships derived from the design, use, and controversy of fishing gear; 3) the practice of embodied skills of using fishing gear in different parts of the aquaculture value chain. I develop my version of the methodology,''Thinking Through Gear,''by investigating how I attended various occasions of Taiwanese aquaculture and fishing villagers' daily life. I thus engage in dialogue with theoretical discussions of multi-species ethnography, categories of embodied experience, and agro-food sector."