美國「讓每個學生成功法案」下師資培育改革之內涵及其啟示

The Connotation and Enlightenment of Teacher Training Reform under the “Every Student Succeeds Act” in the United States

"面對正在發生的全球性變革，各國將焦點轉向教育改革的發展。前美國Obama總統（Baraca Obama）於2015年12月10日簽署通過的《讓每位學生成功法案》（Every Student Succeeds Act, 簡稱ESSA），旨在提升中小學的教育品質，法案中明確指出教育人員品質為改革成敗的關鍵要素。本文採文獻分析法，聚焦在ESSA中之教師駐校實習方案，透過探討其內涵、優點與成功要素，期望以此作為台灣師資培育的他山之石。美國教師駐校實習方案提供一套非常嚴謹的學徒制培訓。準教師在州或地方教育機構所認證的師傅教師的指導下進行至少一整學年的共同教學，同時透過修習當地教育機構人員或師培方案開設的課程，學習到該學區新的教學策略和授課內容，完成方案後會在該學區任教至少三年。此方案對於台灣師資培育的啟示包括：一、建立資訊交流平台，以強化師培單位與夥伴學校之協作。二、建立實習輔導教師的認證機制和人才資料庫，激勵高品質的指導。三、提供實習教師助學金與相關激勵措施，期盼台灣的師資培育透過立法作為依據，考慮師培方案的規劃和實施、參與人員的認證與專業成長，以及促進誘因的相關激勵措施。"

"While global changes happen, many countries in the world will emphasize educational reform to teach their citizens how to encounter the challenges along with changes. “Every Student Succeed Act” signed by former American President Obama on December 10, 2015, to improve the quality of education in primary and secondary schools, which explicitly states that the quality of educational practitioners is a key element of success or failure of educational reform. This paper first reviewed literature related to the teacher residency program in ESSA. Then, provide some implications for teacher preparation in Taiwan. The teacher residency program provides a set of rigorous full-year classroom apprenticeship training. Prospective teachers are under the guidance of mentors certified by state or local educational institutions. Conduct joint teaching for at least one full academic year, and learn the core teaching initiatives of the school district by taking courses offered by local educational institutions or teacher training programs. After completing the program, prospective teachers will teach in the school district for at least three years. The implications for Taiwanese teacher internship were as follows: First, the establishment of an information exchange platform to strengthen the collaboration between teacher preparation institutions and partner schools. Second, the establishment of effective mentor teachers’ certification and database to stimulate high-quality internship guidance. Third, the establishment of grants and incentives for interns. Based on formal legislation, teacher preparation in Taiwan should consider the planning and implementation of the preparation program, the certification and professional growth of participants, and the promotion of incentives to improve teacher quality."