中國軍隊應處新冠狀疫情：角色、指揮和動員

"The Chinese Military Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles, Command, and Mobilization"

自2019年12月中國爆發「嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎」（COVID-19）疫情以來，透過中共官方、軍方和中外衛生組織、新聞媒體報導，可知在防疫工作方面，除了設法調度國家公共衛生醫療體系人力、物力資源，包括解放軍全軍後勤軍醫（護）人員、聯勤保障部隊和各地預備役部隊、民兵等武裝力量皆投入抗疫工作。本研究的問題意識即在回答中共軍改後，後勤體系中的衛勤保障能力如何轉用於疫情防控；另國防動員體系如何進行有效的軍地關係運作，以滿足醫護人員、醫療和民生物資運輸所需。本研究採用制度研究途徑，聚焦中國軍隊在此次疫情防控體系之角色職能定位、衛勤保障指揮，以及國防動員運作機制。研究發現，中共將此次疫情視為處置「突發公共衛生事件」衛勤保障，其危機處理的模式主要依循國家突發公共衛生事件和現行動員等相關法規。因此，中國軍隊的衛勤保障和國防動員行動是以支援角色參與國務院聯防聯控機制。另一方面，由於軍改後的軍事後勤保障和國防動員制度已發生重大變革，無論是中央軍委對於軍隊和武裝力量的全權掌握，或是同級地方黨委、人民政府和駐軍武裝力量的動員協調關係，成為關注中共未來應急指揮管制不容忽視的重點。此外，透過本研究亦能夠瞭解指揮權責、任務協調分工是中共在應處突發公共衛生事件必須設法完善的問題。

"Since the PRC outbreak COVID-19 in December 2019, I have learned about the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) pandemic prevention work through the Chinese government official website, military websites, world health organizations' reports, and news media reports. As we know, the CCP not only dispatched the national public health and medical system personnel, material resources, but also included the People's Liberation Army (PLA) logistics and medical personnel, the Joint Logistic Support Force, and local reserve forces - militia. The questions that this study aims to answer are how the logistics system can be used for pandemic prevention and control, and how the national defense mobilization system could operate in an effective civil-military relationship to provide for the health care professionals, medical and civilian resources in transportation requirements after deepening reform on national defense and the military. This study uses the institutionalism approach, focusing on the PLA's role and functions as well as the command for health services and the national defense mobilization mechanism in the pandemic prevention and control system. The study found that the CCP considered the pandemic a guaranteed ''public health emergency.'' The crisis management model was mainly based on national public health emergencies and current mobilization and other related regulations. Therefore, the armed forces' health service protection and national defense mobilization operations are in a supporting role in the ''Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council''. On the other hand, as the PLA logistics and defense mobilization system has significantly changed after the military reform, whether it is the Central Military Commission's full control over the military and armed forces, or the mobilization and coordination relationship between the local party committees, people's governments, and the military forces in garrison at the same level, is a key issue that we should pay attention to in the CCP's future emergency command and control. In this study, we could understand the issues of command authority and responsibility and the coordination and division of missions. As a result, these are the constraints and difficulties that the CCP must face and try to solve in dealing with public health emergencies and protection."