防疫與經濟發展：中國大陸政策目標矛盾下，地方治理模式的多樣性

Epidemic Control and Economic Development: Various Models of Local Governance under Conflicting Policies in China

2020年1月下旬，中國大陸新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情急轉直下，習近平批示疫情「必須引起高度重視，全力做好防控工作」。2月中旬，隨著疫情出現趨緩徵象，習近平在指示做好疫情防控重點工作的同時，卻也強調今年是全面建成小康社會和「十三五」規劃收官之年，應實現2020年經濟社會發展目標任務。疫情尚未結束，中共中央的政策重點便從疫情控管，轉向同時緊抓疫情控管與經濟復工的雙重目標，兩者顯然相互衝突，這種折衷的作法讓疫情更難控管。本研究主要是探討在疫情管控與經濟生產兩相矛盾的政策目標下，各地方政府的政策選擇是受到哪些相關因素所影響，並以北京、上海、杭州作為探討對象，最後得到「目標多元下之地方選擇差異化」的解釋概念。研究發現，北京身為首都，政治因素考量最多，故疫情雖與上海相近，但無論疫情嚴峻或趨緩，均偏好採取防疫政策，對復工謹慎；上海為中國大陸GDP最高之城市，且國際化程度較大，在疫情趨緩後，相對積極推動復工；杭州由於疫情控制得當，且相關在地產業能有利推動「雲復工」，故積極支持復工。

"In late January 2020, the new crown pneumonia (COVID-19) epidemic in China took a turn for the worse. Xi Jinping instructed that the epidemic ''must be taken seriously and we must do our best to prevent and control it.'' In mid- February, as the pandemic showed signs of easing, while instructing to prevent and control the epidemic, Xi Jinping also emphasized that the objectives of building a well-off society in an all-round way and announced the 13th Five-Year Plan should be achieved by 2020. As the result, the central government's major policy has shifted from epidemic control to simultaneously controlling the epidemic and resuming work. The dual goals obviously conflict with each other, and this compromise makes the epidemic more difficult to control. This study mainly explores the relevant factors that influence the policy choices of various local governments under the conflicting policy objectives of epidemic control and economic development using Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou as examples. The study found that regardless if the epidemic is severe or slow, Beijing municipal government preferred adopting epidemic prevention policies and being cautious about resuming work because of political considerations. In Shanghai, the municipal government was relatively active to promote the resumption of work after the epidemic slowed down because Shanghai is a global center for finance, business and economics. As for the Hangzhou municipal government, it actively supported the resumption of work because of the proper control of the epidemic and the local industries of Hangzhou can facilitate the ''cloud resumption of work.''"