公務人員的大學畢業學校圖像

Which Universities were Civil Servants Graduated?

政府文官所畢業大學分散化程度，是幾十年前出現的代表性官僚理論之核心旨趣，但幾乎沒有這個議題的經驗性探索。本文使用政府資料庫，分析台灣政府官職等公務人員畢業大學的占比狀況，研究的主要結論是：（1）各官等公務人員畢業於數量不少的公私立大學，具有一定程度分散化，但公立大學合計占比高於私立大學的優勢，且隨著公務人員年齡層年輕愈形明顯，（2）公校優勢擴大主要是包括更多晚期設立和轉型公立大學和科技大學的畢業生，傳統少數幾所私校的占比持續下降，（3）最高簡任官等和簡任主管的畢業大學卻集中化大約是十所公私立大學，台大、中興和政大是主要教育機構，（4）中央政府分散化程度較六都和縣市政府低，鄉鎮市公所分散化程度最高，大學畢業生會選擇服務於就讀學校所在地地方政府的現象確實明顯，（5）外交人員和法官檢察官集中畢業於少數幾所國立大學極為顯著。由於公務人員受教育的相關公立大學，研究顯示其學生家庭社經背景多樣性和社會有所差距，本文最後就這項台灣首次經驗性研究結果，對於代表性官僚的意涵，進行深入討論。

"Representative bureaucracy, persuasively advocated by J. Donald Kingsley in 1944, argues that it is harmful to the government interest when civil servants are educated by only few prestigious universities. This paper using the official dataset presents the figure of Taiwan civil servants. Results indicate that civil servants were graduated from quite amount of universities, yet public universities hold more proportions than private universities especially for those younger civil servants. Top rank civil servants, judges, attorney and foreign diplomats however are all educated only by less than 10 top universities in Taiwan and public graduates again take even more significant advantage. Also, the diverse degree of graduated universities in the central government is less than the local governments. Since the social-economic background of public universities graduates are not socially representative, this paper finally discusses the implication of the major findings."