從李碧華《胭脂扣》看香港妓女文化及其變遷

Viewing Hong Kong Prostitute Culture and Its Changes from Lee Pik Wah's ''Rouge''

李碧華《胭脂扣》一直受大家熱烈討論，學者多研究小說中香港意識及身份認同等問題，卻忽略了當中一個推動情節的重要元素──妓女。本文針對《胭脂扣》之妓女書寫進行梳理，透過觀察故事中1930及1980年代之比較，可清楚看到不同年代妓女文化的異同，對妓女文化以至香港的變化做進一步的分析，也探討《胭脂扣》作者如何透過主角的職場身分來反映香港的歷時變化。透過比較30及80年代妓女行業之異同，我們可以得知妓女行業的變動與法律制度、社會因素和地點遷移等也有關係。書中能夠看到妓女行業相關法規的改變、風月區的變遷、妓女的分階的不同和妓女的待客之道及狎妓方式的改變等，呈現了30／80年代的妓女生活及業界文化。此外，透過剖析李氏選材及設定，我們得知李氏有意藉《胭脂扣》討論妓女文化外，更討論了妓女的身份階級的問題及困境，並呈現了不同年代的愛情觀和女性觀；同時，透過《胭脂扣》，妓女文化及相關歷史也得以流傳，由此可見李氏的巧妙和細心。本文對李氏《胭脂扣》文本之研究有別以往，從本研究中可得知，《胭脂扣》可以涉及妓女文化及香港歷史，也能延伸討論當中的戀愛觀和女性觀，由此可見，妓女文化也能展現豐富的文學性和文化性。

Lee Pik-Wah's ''Rouge'' has always been heatedly discussed by everyone. Scholars mostly study the issues of Hong Kong consciousness and ethnic identity between HongKongese and Chinese in ''Rouge'', but ignore one of the important elements that advance the plot --the prostitute. This article organized the writing of prostitutes in ''Rouge''. By observing the comparison between the 1930s and 1980s in the story, we can clearly see the similarities and differences of prostitute culture in different eras. We have further analyzed the changes in prostitute culture and Hong Kong, to see that how Hong Kong changed through the protagonist's career status. By comparing the similarities and differences of the prostitution industry in the 1930s and 1980s, we can know that the changes in the prostitution industry is related to the legal system, social factors, and location migration. In ''Rouge'', we can see the changes in laws and regulations related to the prostitute industry, the changes in red-light district, the class of prostitutes, the changes of prostitutes’ hospitality, and the changes in the way of dallying with prostitutes. It presented the life of prostitutes and the culture of the industry in the 1930s/1980s. In addition, By Lee Pik-Wah's settings, we know that Lee intends to discuss the culture of prostitutes through ''Rouge'', and express her emotion of the changes in 1930s and 1980s. At the same time, through the ''Rouge'', the culture of prostitutes and related history have passed down to this day, this shows the ingenuity and carefulness of Lee's. This article is different from the previous research on the text of Lee's ''Rouge''. From this research, we can know that in addition to issues such as gender relations and female consciousness, the prostitute culture can show literary and cultural.