父母理財教導對高中生理財素養與消費型態之研究──以高雄市為例

A Study of Parents' Financial Education for Senior High School Students' Manage Financial Literacy and Behavior Relationship-An Example of Kaohsiung City

父母是孩子最先接觸的理財知識來源，父母的理財教導對於孩子的理財素養及消費行為的影響迄今已有不少學者從父母與家庭的角度加以探討。本研究的目的在於了解高中生理財素養與消費型態的現況及父母理財教導對高中生的理財素養和消費型態的影響。本研究採用方便抽樣，以問卷調查方式，經由問卷前測結果對於問卷的題目與編排經過調整修正後，以高雄市高中生為研究對象，發出800份問卷調查，有效問卷共705份，有效回收率88％，總量表之Cronbach's α=0.934，進一步運用SPSS軟體，並根據問卷結果進行描述性統計分析、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、皮爾遜積差相關及迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析。研究結果顯示：1.高雄市高中學生理財素養整體程度良好。2.高雄市高中學生消費型態顯示現在的學生是屬於會有計畫的消費。3.不同背景變項的學生，在父母理財教導部分會因父親的管教態度、父母親的教育程度、零用錢的多寡、家庭經濟狀況、存錢方式、擁有獨立帳戶等有顯著差異。4.不同背景變項學生，在理財素養部分並沒有顯著差異。5.不同背景變項學生，在消費型態部分構面有顯著差異，父親的管教態度、愈小擁有零用錢、擁有愈多零用錢、家庭經濟狀況愈好，對消費型態的影響愈大。6.結果顯示，父母理財教導會影響理財素養與消費型態，同時理財素養也會影響消費型態。由此可知家庭及學校的理財教育對學生的理財素養是有正向幫助的。所以父母更應以身作則，教導孩子以正確的態度去從事理性的消費決策。當父母對金錢愈有規劃，其子女對金錢使用方式則愈有規劃。另建議父母能提早且適度給予零用錢，使其能學習如何支配及規劃零用錢，讓孩子建立良好的金錢使用習慣與行為。學校也應對高中生做積極教育宣導，儘早培養他們理財知識與觀念，有助於他們未來人生的規劃。

Parents are the initial consulting source of children regarding managing finance. To date, some researchers have discussed the influence of parents' financial education on their children's financial literacy and consumption patterns. The objectives of this study are to understand high school students' consumption patterns and their financial literacy and to investigate the effect of parents' financial education on them. This study first involved a survey on senior high school in Kaohsiung City selected through convenience sampling using survey questions that had been modified and rearranged based on the results of questionnaire pretesting. The total 800 questionnaires distributed, 705 were accurately completed and valid, contributing to a valid response rate up to 88% and Cronbach's α= 0.934 for the overall scale. The SPSS software was then used for data analysis on the survey results and the methods used included analysis for descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe post hoc comparison, Pearson's product-moment correlation and regression analysis. The outcomes indicate that: 1. The high school students demonstrate good knowledge toward financial literacy; 2. Their consumption patterns are planned consumption, not impulse consumption; 3. A significant difference exists on parents' financial educationin terms of parents' education, father's attitude toward education, family income, the way of saving money, the ownership of independent bank account, and the level of pocket money; 4. The difference of financial literacy is not statistically significant; 5. A significant difference exists on consumption patterns. Giving children much allowance, high family income are the key drivers of consumption patterns; 6. Parents' financial education has a significant impact on high school students' financial literacy and their consumption patterns. High school students' financial literacy also significantly influence their consumption patterns. The findings show that family and school's financial education has a positive effect on high school students' financial literacy. Hence, parents should instruct their children to develop correct attitudes to engage in rational consumption decision. Parents with deliberate financial planning will positively influence their children's attitudes toward financial planning. This research suggests parents adequately give their children allowance which allows them to learn financial planning from the early stage and to develop positive attitudes and behaviors in using money. Schools need to actively communicate the benefits of financial planning to students as early as possible in order to flourish their knowledge toward finance which favors their future life planning.