人性之善：從《聊齋‧王六郎》的敘事結構析論其道德倫理觀

The Goodness of Human Nature：A Moral Ethics Analyzation According to Narrative Structure of''Wang Liu Lang''of''Liaozhai Zhiyi''

〈王六郎〉故事以「溺」為題材，藉由「水鬼救溺」營設出衝突與爭端的情節，應行惡戾之事的水鬼卻做出仁善之舉，呈現出善與惡的二元對立，作者由此建構出蘊含於故事深層的「道德倫理觀」。因此，本文試圖以敘事學的角度出發，首先藉由格雷馬斯的「行動元模式」探討人物之衝突的敘事功能，從水鬼既欲轉生又為救溺的矛盾情節，引導出作者寄託於故事深層結構的道德價值，接者再以格雷馬斯的「語義方陣」分析故事藉二元對立的概念建構出的道德倫理觀，以及擇善取義的價值認同。總上所述，本文以敘事學理論分析故事的深層結構與寓意，藉此探討蒲松齡於〈王六郎〉所寄託的道德倫理觀。

'Wang liu lang'' (''The fisherman and his friend'') is related to ''drowning''. This story described that the water ghost helped the drowning people, creating conflicts and disputes. It was conflicting that the evil spirit did a good deed. This plot presented the binary opposition between good and evil and the underlying moral ethics of the story. Based on the method of narratology, in this essay, I will discuss the disputing plot according to the ''actantial model'' by Algirdas Julien Greimas. I will analyze the conflicting plot that the evil spirit helped the drowning people but gave up the chance of resurrection in order to describe the core value about moral ethics of this story. I will also apply the ''semantic square'' to analyze the moral ethics based on the binary opposition and the value of good deed. To sum up, I will analyze the structure and moral of this story by narratology in order to discuss the moral ethics described by ''Wang liu lang''.