心境與詞風之變化：再談東坡黃州初期詞

Mental state and development of lyrical style: Re-discuss Dongpo’s Huangzhou lyrics

蘇軾之黃州詞膾炙人口，目前學界大抵以元豐五年為界，認為前此代表著東坡乍到黃州時，憂讒畏譏，尚未走出烏臺詩案之打擊的狀態，而五年以後則逐漸找回心靈之平適自然，並開展出一種曠達之詞風。然而，相對於學界多關注在元豐五年以後之變化，本文試圖尋繹從元豐三年到四年期間，詞人心境的漸變過程，大致認為在飲宴、遊戲之歡愉，與面對親友、自我之愁困二情之交疊下，已逐漸能朗現胡寅所謂「逸懷浩氣」境界之端倪。這樣的跡象其時間點落於元豐四年深秋之後，此時「東坡」已營建，但雪堂未築，並以〈南鄉子〉一詞頗為關鍵，是東坡尋回自身生命力的重要前奏曲。

Su Shih’s Huangzhou lyrics are widely-acclaimed. In present academic circles, most view the fifth year of the Yuanfeng era (1082) as a watershed year for Su Shih. Prior to his arrival at Huangzhou, he was worried about defamation, as he had yet to emerge from the trauma of the Wutai Poem Incident. In the subsequent five years, he had gradually reclaimed inner peace within and developed an optimistic and liberal lyrical style. Deviating from academia’s predominant focus on the changes that occurred after the fifth year of the Yuanfeng era, this paper seeks to examine the period between the third to the fourth year of the Yuanfeng era, specifically on the gradual shifts in the lyricist’s emotional state. In essence, from the joyful time spent at banquets and games, alongside his sorrowful sentiments about his friends and himself, one can already glimpse the state of ''carefreeness, expansiveness and uprightness'' as proposed by Northern Song scholar Hu Yin. Budding signs of such characteristics can be traced back to late autumn in the fourth year of Yuanfeng era. At that time, the lyrics of ''Nanxiangzi'' were particularly crucial, as they marked the important prelude for Su Shih in regaining his vitality of life.