追憶前朝：唐小說〈獨孤穆〉、〈顏濬〉的陳隋書寫

Reminiscence of Past Dynasties: The Description of the Chen and Sui Dynasties in Tang-dynasty Short Stories Dugu Mu and Yan Jun

唐代小說〈獨孤穆〉、〈顏濬〉以唐代人物進入他界為敘事模式，書寫主角會遇陳隋歷史人物，賦詩飲宴的情節。過去相關研究多為對故事的考證，或研究該敘事模式的效果，未談及唐人對前朝的歷史記憶。本文分析小說的敘事與賦詩內容，透過對讀史籍，指出小說作者以歷史亡靈召喚前代亡國記憶的意圖，其中蘊含唐代撰作者對前朝歷史的想像與批評。本文從小說遇合時空與人物構設中分析作者對陳隋人物的考察與創發，再由小說中的賦詩與敘述，觀察作者如何以史籍材料書寫唐人想像的陳隋歷史。從小說對前朝的隱微批評，以及小說人物的矛盾，可見處於易代之際士人的忠貞困境，其中隱含中晚唐人對君、國的認同猶疑，及家國頹敗之際的歷史關懷。

In Tang-dynasty short stories Dugu Mu and Yan Jun, the protagonists, who were Tang dynasty characters, visited the other world and encountered historical characters from the Chen or Sui dynasties, with whom they feasted and composed poems together. Previous studies on these stories have mostly focused on verifying the credibility of story details or the effects of their narrative modes; few have taken into consideration the collective memory of the Tang-dynasty people on past dynasties. The present study analyzed the contexts of the narration and poems of these stories, and compared them with historical records, to identify the intentions of their authors. In short, these authors summoned ghosts of the past in an attempt to revive memories of former dynasties that no more existed, and their writings reflected Tang people’s imagination and criticism of past dynasties. This study examined the stories’character settings and the circumstances the characters encountered each other, to analyze the authors’research on Chen or Sui dynasty characters and the inspirations they received from such characters. In addition, this paper observed how these Tang authors applied historical references and expressed their imagination of the Chen and Sui Dynasties in poetry and narrative. Through the implied criticisms against the past and contradictions between the characters, the late Tang authors not only presented the dilemma of the patriotism, but also implicated their political self-identification and concerns during the dynastic shifting times.