牽制與擴張導致之翻譯誤差──以日譯中為例

The cognitive mishandling of Kanji caused by derivitization and extension: Using Japanese to Chinese translation as example

隨著異文化頻繁交流的環境變遷，中文接受外來語的限度也不斷擴大，就現狀觀之，恐已無法一言以蔽之將出現在中文之日文漢語語彙視為「誤譯」。語言與時推移，其中翻譯對語彙使用具極大影響力當無庸贅述。中、日兩語言間因有漢字書記之共同點，故透過翻譯所呈現之牽制現象，較之其他以聽覺為重之語言呈現不同之樣貌。循此方向進行考察，或可窺見翻譯中左右漢語語彙之要素，同時亦可知中文接受日文語彙為外來語之基底為何；而此類外來語又如何在中文開展。本文首先以中文為母語之日語學習者為對象，取其翻譯練習中所見之誤譯為否定證據。其次對照比較誤譯呈現之中日文，觀察學習者大腦內部之漢字認知運作，透過詞彙之「牽制」與「擴張」情形，考察中日文在翻譯進行時之相錯狀況。

With the changing environment brought about by frequent associations with different cultures, encounters with different languages continue to expand. Therefore, the current situation makes it difficult to view the use of Kanjis from the Japanese language directly as their Chinese counterparts as merely misinterpretations. As languages develop with time, the use of vocabulary is greatly influenced by translation of other languages. Since both written Chinese and Japanese share the use of Kanjis, translating between these two languages is greatly influenced by this commonality and exhibits a rather different phenomenon when compared with phonetic languages. Using this as an investigative starting point, the elements that affect the translation of Japanese into Chinese may become more evident. At the same time, the basis of how the Chinese language accepts Japanese phrases and how these loaned words from a foreign language develops into the Chinese language.This article primarily used the misinterpretations by students who are Chinese native speakers learning Japanese as negative proof. Secondly, by comparison of the Chinese and Japanese in these misinterpretations, how the students processed these Kanjis in their mind may be observed. Therefore, the misinterpretation of Japanese may be investigated through how the Kanji phrases interfere and are extended in their Chinese usage.