有關聽解習得的一項考察──以NHK「週刊兒童新聞」為中心

Analysis of listening comprehension: Focus in NHK“Weekly Kid’s News Program”

指導聽解的目的在於培養學習者聽了對方的說話後，理解其意義以及意圖的能力。一般認為學習日語的過程，聽說讀寫四技能當中，以聽解最不易習得。其原因有數項，其中最大的原因是說話的速度（速度的變化）、所使用的句法、詞彙、聲音的清晰度、所處的環境等因素均非聽話者所能掌握的。聽解有別於其餘三項技能，必須面臨超越自己的守備範圍之領域，即使動員了一切所學的知識，學習者究竟能正確地掌握多少對方所要表達的意思，這點是很難理解的。不只如此，無法充分、適度且有效的指導也是重要因素之一。開發聽解能力的指導方法有所謂的ILP（intensive listening practice）法及ELP（extensive listening practice）法。ILP是細聽並理解長度較短的內容細節，而ELP法是粗聽並掌握長度較長的內容梗概。視學習者的能力、教材的內容以及學習目的之不同，希適切且巧妙地調配、運用兩種指導方法方為上策。因此，為了瞭解學習者將細節正確地聽懂到何種程度，筆者以ILP法利用NHK「週刊兒童新聞」之節目，讓學習者將內容聽寫出來。本論文即是筆者將某學習者兩年所聽的內容加以整理、分析其結果，探討聽解問題癥結之所在，並考察學習者在學習過程當中的學習效果，以期對今後的教學有所助益。

Listening comprehension is aimed for the learners, after hearing one conversation, could understand the meaning and objective. It is often recognized that listening comprehension is the most difficult to learn among the four techniques, listening, speaking, reading and writing. There are several reasons, but the most important is the speed (change in peed), sentence structure, vocabulary, clearness of the sound, and environmental factor in which the listener couldn't handle. Listening comprehension requires one to go beyond his defensive range. It is often suspicious in what degree the leaner could understand even with all the study one has. Moreover, improper and ineffective instruction is also a reason for the lack of understanding.There are ILP (intensive listening practice) and ELP (extensive listening practice) commonly adopt in the instruction of listening comprehension training. ILP is to carefully listen and understand shorter details and ELP is to roughly listen and understand longer details. Depending on learner's ability, contents of the study and focus of the study to adjust these two methods. The writer use NHK ”Weekly Kid's News Program” as the material for the listening comprehension test for the learner. This thesis is to analyze the result, discuss the problematic tie and learner's psychology and effect in learning.