不滿表現中改善要求策略之台日比較

Use of improvement request strategy in discontent expression between Japanese and Taiwanese students.

本論文以研究台日大學生不滿表現中改善要求策略之異同為主。論文內容藉由「策略連鎖型」「前置表現」「言語核位置考察」「禮貌理論」等四種觀點來解析雙方有關改善要求策略的各種表達形式。主要結論歸納成以下四點：（1）台日大學生雙方在對學弟妹時使用單獨型策略居多；在對學長姐時使用策略連鎖型居多。（2）日本大學生在對學長姐的前置表現上比台灣大學生明顯。（3）從台日大學生的言語核出現位置看來，多數日本大學生把言語核置於談話的後面；然而多數台灣大學生把言語核置於談話的前面。日本大學生在言語行動指標性上較傾向於人際關餘的維持；而台灣大學生則較傾向於目的之達成。（4）改善要求策略上多數說話內容以使用NP（負面禮貌）為主軸，但本研究中發現「感謝」與「限定條件」兩種PP（正面禮貌）之使用情形為其特徵。

This paper analyzes the use of Improvement Request strategy in Discontent Expression from 4 different perspectives (”How to broach,” ”Language Core,” ”Strategy Collocation.” and ”Politeness”), and illustrates the variations of Improvement Request strategy. There are 4 main findings:1. Both JJs and TCs normally use single strategy to their juniors, but they both use more than 2 strategies (strategy collocation) to their seniors.2. Compared to TCs, JJs tend to use lead-ins to their superiors/seniors often.3. The language cores frequently appear at the end par t of the utterances in JJs, while cores appear at the beginning part in TCs. For JJs the aim of such expression is to maintain the relationship; however, TCs utterances are toward attaining their goals.4. Generally the use of NPs is common in Improvement Request strategy, but 2 PPs (”Appreciation” and ”Limiting Conditions”) are found in this study.