中日詞彙中的性別歧視用語

Sexist Language in Chinese and Japanese Languages

由於男女性別差異的存在，又加上社會中性別角色概念的影響，語言性別歧視現象普通存在於不同的社會文化之中。隨著時代變遷，雖然現今社會各領域中皆可見到女性傑出的表現，然而，因性別歧視所產生的性別歧視用語依然存在於各個社會文化之中。正因為多數的性別歧視用語是源自於“男性＝人類”的想法，故本研究則以此想法做為判斷性別歧視用語的基準，進行中日詞彙中的性別歧視用語的分析與比較。本研究目的是藉由調查並分析中日詞彙中的性別岐視用語的種類及特徵，進而探究中日詞彙的異同點。由於性別歧視用語種類繁多之緣故，本研究以“源自女性冠詞的性別歧視用語”“源自非對稱用語的性別歧視用語”“源自字序排列的性別歧視用語”三個觀點為中心來探討中日詞彙中的性別歧視用語。透過本研究可得到以下三點中日詞彙共通之結論。（1）得知加上女性冠詞之性別歧視用語的特徵是強調其特殊性，以及需要高專門性和指導能力。（2）從詞彙整體結構來看，有不少應與代表女性詞彙相對應的代表男性詞彙並不存在。（3）源自字序排列的性別歧視主要是來自語意因素。

Because of the differences between male and female gender roles in society, linguistic sexism is commonly found in many cultures. Nowadays, eventhough outstanding females are in every profession, sexist language still exists. Much sexist language, nevertheless, came from the theory of ”male is human”; this study is based on the theory to analyze and compare sexist language in Chinese and Japanese. The goal of this study is to uncover the similarities and differences between these two languages. Because of the volume of sexist language, the study is focused on three categories, ”sexist language that adds female to the word to distinguish male and female”, ”most sexist language is only used on females”, and ”male orientated language always has higher order than female”.The study found three similarities in Chinese and Japanese. First, sexist language that added female word to stress the uniqueness is usually used in high professions. Secondly, in the language structures, most female sexist language does not have corresponding male sexist language. Lastly, word order sexist language came from the meaning of he words.