以人境適配觀點探討運動實習生之主管安全支持與工作表現之關係

Person-environment fit: The relationship between leader secure-base support and job performance of sports interns

緒論：近年來，許多大專運動相關科系將實習納為整合課程的一部分，並透過實習讓學生有機會將教室所學與職場環境作一連結。然而，在運動實習日益蓬勃發展之下，相較於其它領域，運動實習的相關實證研究仍相當罕見。本研究旨在以人境適配理論為架構，探討運動實習生知覺主管安全支持、個人主管適配、學習目標導向對於實習工作表現之影響脈絡。方法：以臺灣地區9間大專院校運動相關科系參與運動實習之學生，採問卷調查的方式進行量化資料搜集，共回收321份有效問卷。資料分析以皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步迴歸以及process模組驗證上述關係。結果：個人主管適配可以中介運動實習生之主管安全支持及工作表現的關係。當運動實習生感受到較高的主管安全支持時，有助於提升運動實習生個人與主管適配的程度，進而帶來較佳的工作表現。此外，學習目標導向可調節主管安全支持、個人主管適配以及工作表現之關係。當運動實習生具備高度的學習目標導向時，會使個人主管適配此中介關係增強。結論：本研究證實運動實習生之學習目標導向可調節主管安全支持、個人主管適配以及工作表現之中介效果。在實務建議上，學校端可透過翻轉教室的設計，培養學生具備學習目標導向以因應快速變化的職場環境。

Introduction: In recent years, many sports-related departments in higher education have included internships as an integral component of their programs, providing students with opportunities to link classroom learning to the professional environment. Although sports internships are becoming more widespread, limited empirical research has been devoted to sports interns relative to other domains. This study aimed to explore the relationships among leader secure-base support, person-supervisor fit, learning goal orientation, and the job performance of sports interns based on the person-environment fit theory. Methods: We recruited 360 interns with sports-related majors from nine universities in Taiwan as study participants. Quantified data were collected through questionnaires, 321 of which were valid. Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression analyses and process modeling were used to validate the above relationships. Results: The results indicated that person-supervisor fit could mediate the relationship between leader secure-base support and job performance among sports interns. When sports interns perceive high levels of secure-base support from their superiors, they fit better with their superiors and perform better at their work. In addition, learning goal orientation could moderate the relationships among leader secure-base support, person-supervisor fit, and work performance. When sports interns showed a high level of learning goal orientation, the mediating relationship of person-supervisor fit was also strengthened. Conclusion: This study indicated that learning goal orientation moderated the mediating effects of leader secure-base support and person-supervisor fit on sports interns’ job performance. In terms of management practices, providing flipped classroom programs in schools could enhance students’ learning goal orientation; thus, this practice is recommended to meet the requirements of a rapidly changing workplace environment.