智慧手環暨綠幣獎勵制度對國中生身體活動和學業成績之影響

The effectiveness of smart fitness trackers and a green coin reward system on promoting physical activity and academic achievement among junior high school students

"緒論：教育部體育署在全臺國中生運動參與情形之調查報告指出國中生身體活動普遍不足之現況，相關研究結果呈現身體活動正向影響學業成績。本研究發展智慧手環暨綠幣獎勵制度，探討其對國中生中等費力以上身體活動（moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA）和學業成績之影響。方法：以臺灣某南部國中一年級學生作為研究對象，分層隨機抽樣兩組作為對照組與實驗組（各34人），進行為期13週（三個月）的實驗介入。對照組介入策略為配戴智慧手環，學生可即時觀察個人的身體活動數據；實驗組介入策略為智慧手環暨綠幣獎勵制度，學生可依據每日個人的身體活動之達標數換取綠幣作為獎勵，再依數量比例兌換一卡通儲值金（10個綠幣兌換1元儲值金）。本研究應用二因子混合設計變異數分析、共變數分析，驗證兩組於MVPA時間和學業成績是否有顯著差異。結果：兩組的前測MVPA時間皆未達每日中等費力以上身體活動之30分鐘建議量。實驗介入後，實驗組的MVPA時間和學業成績皆顯著優於對照組。對照組的MVPA時間約於實驗兩個月後呈現下降趨勢，但實驗組的MVPA時間仍維持30分鐘中等費力以上身體活動的建議量。結論：智慧手環有效提升學生的MVPA時間，但若無綠幣獎勵制度（行為改變策略）支持，學生會因對於手環新奇感的效果減弱，而無法維持身體活動動機。本研究結果顯示：智慧手環暨綠幣獎勵制度可激勵、維持學生的身體活動行為和動機，培養身體活動習慣，有效提升學業成績。"

Introduction: A national survey report conducted by the Sports Administration of the Ministry of Education to measure sports participation among junior high school students in Taiwan indicated that junior high school students generally perform inadequate levels of physical activity. Relevant research results have shown that physical activity has a positive impact on academic achievement. This study aimed to develop a smart fitness tracker and green coin reward system, and investigate their influence on the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and academic achievement of junior high school students. Methods: The research subjects were seventh-grade students from a southern junior high school in Taiwan. Participants were separated by stratified random sampling into a comparison group (34 students) and an experimental group (34 students), and the study used a 13-week quasi-experimental design. The comparison group and experimental group were provided with the same smart fitness trackers, which allowed students to immediately observe their personal physical activity information. In the experimental group, in addition, a green coin reward system was used to reward students whose personal physical activity met certain requirements. Students could exchange their green coins for a cash deposit (provided on an iPASS card) proportional to the total amount earned (10 green coins were equal to 1 New Taiwan dollar). In this study, a two-way mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to examine significant differences in the time spent engaging in MVPA and academic achievement between the two groups. Results: The pretest MVPA times for both groups were below the recommended time of greater than 30 minutes of MVPA each day. After the intervention, the MVPA time and academic achievement of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the comparison group. The MVPA time of the comparison group showed a downward trend after two months of the intervention, whereas the MVPA time of the experimental group maintained the recommended MVPA time of greater than 30 minutes daily. Conclusion: Smart fitness trackers can effectively increase students’ MVPA time, but without the support of the green coin reward system (behavior change strategy), students were unable to maintain their motivation for physical activity due to the weakened effects of smart fitness tracker novelty. These results showed that the combination of the smart fitness trackers and the green coin reward system was able to motivate and maintain students’ physical activity behavior and motivation, cultivate physical activity habits, and effectively improve academic achievement.