有機質肥料的生產技術及發展

The process techniques and development of the organic fertilizers in Taiwan

由於禽畜之飼養，農業生產及工商業的發展，造成有機廢棄物的大量產出，如果缺乏適當的處理將對環境安全和品質造成莫大的衝擊。有機廢棄物之減量，回收及再利用，則為重要的解決對策。將有機廢棄物製成有機質肥料，亦其有改善土壤性質及提供作物養分的雙重功效，然而，製造技術攸關有機質肥料的品質。有些有機廢棄物可經由堆肥化作用而製成堆肥，而部分有機廢棄物可不經堆肥化作用，而經其他方式處理後，即可直接施用。本文將針對農委會公告之堆肥類和非堆肥類有機質肥料的製造技術'要領和特性作簡要的論述。本文亦將介紹有機質肥料在台灣之發展歷程，以及政府在提昇有機質肥料品質之輔導和管理措施，以供參考。

Huge amounts of organic wastes are generated from livestock operation, agriculture production and industrial development. It will impact on the safety and quality of environmental as there is no suitable treatment of organic wastes. The way of reduction, recycle and reuse of organic wastes is becoming a very important practice used in the world. Te conversion of organic wastes into organic fertilizers, not only can provide nutrients for crop growth, but also improve soil properties. However, the quality of organic fertilizer is determined by the process techniques. Some organic wastes can become compost by composting, and some can be used directly by other treatments instead of composting. This paper will provide information on the manufacture technology of these two kinds of organic fertilizers announced by the Council of Agriculture. In addition, the history of development and management strategies of organic fertilizers will also be introduced.