幼兒導向式語言教學對提升學前聽覺障礙幼童語言表達能力之成效

The effectiveness of Child-Directed Speech on Improving the Ability of Language Expression of Preschool Children with Hearing impairment

本研究以單一個案研究之撤回設計探討幼兒導向式語言教學對提升學前聽覺障礙幼童語言表達能力之成效。研究參與者經幼兒園園長及老師推薦目前就讀屏東縣幼兒園之三足歲聽覺障礙兒童，共接受為期14週之幼兒導向式語言教學，每週兩次，每次上課60分鐘。幼兒導向式語言教學方案（1）設定主題式的語言活動:內容設計以研究參與者日常生活相關的活動為主題，創造有溝通需求之情境，有助於引發參與者的動機。（2）選擇關鍵詞彙及設計情境：根據主題選擇相關故事繪本，從繪本中選擇學習之詞彙，並於學習環境中布置相關情境，增加語言表達的主動性。（3）類比式語言提供詞彙理解:透過幼兒導向的語言（媽媽語）來引導參與者習得詞彙，以參與者生活當中類似的經驗或物品來進行比喻，使抽象語句、詞彙具象化。資料的蒐集包括兒童的語言樣本、家長及教師訪談資料、軼事紀錄。研究結果發現，經幼兒導向式語言教學後，研究參與者在詞彙量及自發性表達溝通均明顯地成長，於日常生活的溝通中，不僅所使用的詞彙數增加，自發性表達的次數也持續上升，甚至有效地類化至家庭及學校的互動上；而語音清晰度由於受限於聽覺障礙的限制，則呈現微幅改善。家長及教師之訪談紀錄亦持正向的態度，肯定幼兒導向式語言教學對提升學前聽覺障礙兒童語言表達能力有正面的影響。透過教室情境安排、關鍵詞彙提取及繪本情意引導所設計的幼兒導向式語言，能幫助學前聽覺障礙幼童學習語言表達，並應用至類化情境及日常生活中。根據研究的發現，本研究提出教學及研究的建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of child-directed speech training on improving the ability of language expression of preschool children with hearing impairment. A withdrawal design of a single case study was implemented in this study. Participants was one three-year old child with hearing impairment in Pingtung City. The child-directed speech training program was 14 weeks and twice a week for 60 minutes of each time. The training program included: thematic language activities, the choice of key words and design scenarios, to promote vocabulary understanding of the analogy language. The data were collected from samples of children's language, interviews with parents and teachers, anecdotal records. It was found that the children's vocabulary and spontaneous expression and communication ability have improved after the child-directed speech training. In the daily life communication, the number of words used and the number of spontaneous expressions were continued to increase, and the participants effectively generalized the learning to family and school interactions. And, there was some micro improvement of speech intelligibility as well. Parents and teachers also confirmed that child-directed speech training has a positive impact on improving the language expression ability of the preschool children with hearing impairment. According to the main findings, some suggestions regarding to teaching and further research were proposed.