斜屋頂型太陽光電發電場所作業危害預防探討

Hazards Prevention of Work in the Sloped Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Site

因應能源耗盡的時代，國內近年戮力推動太陽能發電產業，部分太陽光電設置於屋頂，然國內屋頂墜落事件時有所聞，使斜屋頂型太陽光電發電場所之作業安全堪憂，本研究目的為蒐集相關資訊，分析屋頂作業災害，並進行現場輔導，探討斜屋頂型太陽光電發電場所現況與危害預防重點，提供事業單位參考。本研究蒐集國內101－104年非營造業重大職災、102－106年營造業重大職災資料，調查國內外太陽光電發電場所相關危害資料、法規與諮詢專家擬定安全查核表，並進行20個發電場所之現場專家輔導。結果顯示所蒐集近年之重大職災共556件，有352件（63％）為墜落案例，其中以自屋頂或採光罩墜落者較多件（～27％）；基本原因以未辦理職業安全衛生教育訓練為最多（～80％），106年國內太陽光電發電場所核准案件為6,476件，現場輔導發現太陽光電發電系統建置與運作的組織繁複，承攬商大多對屋頂作業環境並熟悉，目前所發生之災害中也以墜落災害較為嚴重。依本研究之安全查核表進行現場輔導，適用斜屋頂型太陽光電發電場所14家中超過半數部分符合或不符合規定的缺失項目為防墜設施及安全通道等，建議業者從「源頭管理」的觀點做好防災措施，在設計階段即納入安全措施，並落實整體之職業安全衛生管理計畫，以保障工作人員、勘查人員及鄰近人員的安全。

In response to the era of energy exhaustion, solar power industry has been promoted recently in Taiwan. And some solar photovoltaic systems have been installed on the roof. However, the fall incidents from roof happened occasionally, making the work safety of sloped rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation sites become highly concerned. The purpose of this study is to collect relevant information, analyze roof incidents, and conduct on-site counseling to investigate the current situation and hazard prevention key points of sloped rooftop PV power generation sites. The results can be used as a reference for PV industry. This study collects major occupational incidents in the non-construction industry from 2012 to 2015; major occupational incidents in the construction industry from 2013 to 2017 in Taiwan. Relevant hazard data and regulations were investigated and the on-site safety checklist of PV power generation sites was reviewed by experts. Totally 20 on-site safety consultation were conducted. Among the 556 major occupational incidents in recent years, 352 (~63% ) were falling cases and the most cases were falling from the roof or rooflight (~27% ). The most common cause of the incidents was lack of the occupational safety and health training (~80% ). There were about 6,476 PV sites in 2017 in Taiwan. Through on-site visiting, it was found that the organization of the related construction and operation sectors in PV industry was complicated. And the contractors were not familiar with the roof working environment. The current most serious incident is also the fall incident. Among the 14 sloped rooftop PV sites, more than half of the items in the safety checklist that partially or totally failed to meet the requirements of regulations included the fall arrest facilities and safe passages, etc. It is recommended that the PV industry should take preventive measures from the perspective of ＂source management＂, safety measures should be incorporated in the design stage. And the comprehensive safety management plan should be put into effect to ensure the safety of staffs, survey personnel and people nearby.