模板支撐型式及性能安全性探討

The Discussion of The Model and Functional Safety of Formwork Supports

鑑於挑高樓層模板支撐，施工階段常常因為空間受限或支撐型式選用不當或現場安衛設施不足，導致職災的發生。由歷年職災資料顯示，模板作業主要重大職災類型為倒崩塌及墜落，而倒崩塌災害發生首要原因主要為模板支撐失效。本文藉由歷年職災資料分析與現場訪視結果，並配合要因分析結果後，掌握支撐施工安全缺失與注意事項；透過實體實驗測試，掌握模板支撐各型式之極限強度及受力模式。由本文提出模板支撐型式及性能安全性之研究，主要從單一型式支撐以及三種支撐類型，其在有無雙向貫下，支撐受力情形以及破壞模式進行探討，研究成果提供工作者掌握各型式模板支撐性能與施工安全，同時提供設計與施工單位，做為支撐類型選用與設計的參考依據，預防因為挑高樓層施工階段模板支撐造成的災害。

Considering the elevating of building floors with supports of formwork, there are occupational hazards and disasters occurring, during construction period, frequently due to the limited space of work, the inappropriate selections of the model for supports, or the insufficiency of safety and health facilities on sites. According to the historical records, the main types of occupational hazards and disasters are collapses and fallings, and the first main cause of the collapses is the inefficiency of the supports for formwork. This study is based on the data analysis of historical occupational disasters and the inspections on construction sites, combined with factor analysis, to understand the defects and precautions of safety in construction of formwork supports. The study is also through physical experiments to understand and acquire data of the maximum strength intensity and the mode of load-carrying capability for each model of formwork supports. The model and functional safety of formwork supports mentioned in this study is mainly through the model of single support and 3 types of supports, with or without the cross-shaped wood beams, to discuss the states of supports and the mode of destruction while carrying load. The result of this study will provide workers to understand the functions of each formwork support model and the safety on construction, and meanwhile, provide the departments of design and construction the references to the selection of models and the design for supports, to prevent the occurrence of disasters due to the formwork supports utilized for the elevated building floor on construction.