職業災害統計指標歷年趨勢分析及改善探討

Trend Analysis of Occupational Accident Indicators Improvement

綜觀目前我國職業災害通報制度仍有眾多限制，除法規上認定的勞工涵蓋程度外，其計算方式皆會影響職業災害統計數字的正確性。本研究目的針對現有國內職業災害千人率進行研析，以瞭解現今職業災害指標是否需調整，並透過跨資料庫的分析模式以期將未投保勞工保險勞工納入我國職業災害統計指標推估。本研究運用「人力資源調查統計」推估全國就業母數自102年為10,642,075人至107年成長為11,268,381人，與勞保全部投保人數比較後，求出102年至107年未投勞保人數平均約為980,238人。新增的輔助性職業傷害（醫療）千人率每年以1.8％上升情形，此現象說明職業傷病申請有逐漸朝4日以下的趨勢，在傷病指標的估算中，倘若忽略此項申請件數將影響我國傷病指標的精準度，針對未參加勞工保險疑似職災死亡案例，本研究串聯使用「勞保被保險人檔」與「死亡登記檔」，發現自103年至106年分別有50、51、54、53人疑似職災死亡之未涵蓋於勞保個案，整體勞保職業災害死亡率（不含交通意外）年度百分比變化迴歸模型（Annual Percent Change, APC）每年以4.2％～6.1％趨勢下降。建議職災數據分析時除關注單一年度變化外，亦應分析指標長期趨勢變化，未來可採用年度百分比變化迴歸模型（APC）分析指標長期趨勢變化，供評估職災指標調整之應用參考。

Under the current occupational accidents' reporting and registration systems, there still have many limitations, such as insurance coverage and reporting coercion in laws. The purpose of this research is to analyze the current occupational accident indicators and to understand if an adjustment is. We used Population Census resources to estimate that the number of national employed labors grew from 10,642,075 in 2013 to 11,268,381 in 2018. Comparing with the total number of workers insured by labor insurance, the average number of workers without labor insurance in 2013-2018 is 980,238. The rate per thousand persons of occupational injury (Medical Benefit) is increased by 1.8% per year. This phenomenon indicates that the occupational injury and illness has gradually moved to less than 4 days of minor illness. Additionally, this study linked the labor insurance database and the national register of deaths to identify deaths from suspected occupational accidents that were not covered by labor insurance. There were 50, 51, 54, 53 deaths from suspected occupational accidents from 103 to 106 that were not covered by labor insurance cases. The annual percentage change (APC%) of overall labor insurance occupational disaster mortality rate (excluding traffic accidents) declines from 4.2% to 6.1% per year. It is recommended that Annual Percent Change (APC) regression models can be used to analyze long-term trend changes for occupational accident indicators.