非都市地區高齡者鄰里活動類型、活動空間與鄰里環境供給滿意度之研究：以新北三峽與桃園新屋區為例

A Study into the Outdoor Activity Types and Space and the Satisfaction Level of the Elderly Population in Rural Areas-Case Studies in Sanxia District, New Taipei City and Xinwu District, Taoyuan City

臺灣已進入高齡化社會，高齡者普遍以「在宅老化」作為居住的主流型態，因此社區環境能夠提供高齡者日常生活活動之供給，即成為臺灣面對高齡化社會下重要的議題。相較於都市地區，非都市地區鄰里環境各項公共設施則距離高齡者住家較遠，在設施種類上亦較不足，因此了解非都市地區高齡者在鄰里內的活動類型、活動空間與鄰里環境供給滿意度，為規劃者進行非都市地區友善高齡者鄰里環境改善的重要參考。本研究以桃園市新屋區臨近海邊5個里、新北市三峽區鄰近山區5個里的高齡者為研究對象，透過訪談與問卷調查（N＝296），探討非都市地區高齡者在鄰里之活動類型、主要活動空間、高齡者移動性、對主要活動空間供給滿意度及對鄰里環境供給滿意度進行研究。研究結果顯示，非都市地區高齡者在鄰里主要活動範圍在距離住家150公尺範圍內。菜園與社區活動中心為高齡者在鄰里主要活動空間，高齡者在鄰里內活動限制性高，住家菜園是高齡者在鄰里內主要活動之空間。非都市地區高齡者對鄰里供給滿意度平均值為3.81（最高為5分），高齡者對鄰里滿意度較偏向於提供活動與可供休憩遮蔭的空間，對鄰里內提供學習空間與設施滿意度，呈現滿意度較低的結果。高齡者對於社區活動中心的供給滿意度顯著高於住家菜園。非都市地區高齡者對社區活動中心供給滿意度之影響因素，以安全性供給因素、可及性供給因素、及活動機能供給因素為顯著影響因素。至於高齡者對鄰里環境供給滿意度則受「鄰里高齡支持與社會交往供給因素」、「鄰里休憩活動機能供給因素」、「鄰里可及性供給因素」、「鄰里自然景色供給因素」與「鄰里休憩活動機能供給因素」等因素之正向影響。

Taiwan has entered into an aging society where ＂aging in place＂ has become the mainstream lifestyle among the elderly population in Taiwan. Therefore, whether communities can provide an environment for the elderly to carry out daily activities has become an important topic in Taiwan in coming to terms with an aging society. In contrast with the urban areas, public facilities inrural neighborhoods are generally further away from the homes of senior citizens and there is a lack of variety of facilities. As a result, understanding the elderly population's activity types and spaces required, as well as their satisfaction levels about the affordance of the neighborhood environment, can serve as an important reference for planners who need to improve the 'age-friendliness' of the environment in non-urban areas. This research used as its case study the senior citizens who live in the five seaside villages in Xinwu District, Taoyuan City and the five mountainside villages in Sanxia District, New Taipei City and, by way of interviews and questionnaires (N=296), examined data about these senior citizens' activity types, main activity spaces, mobility levels, satisfaction levels about the spaces provided for their main activities and the affordance of the neighborhood environment. According to the results of this research, seniors in non-urban areas participate in activities mainly within 150 meters from their own homes. Their main activities took place in their own vegetable gardens and the community centers. As they faced restrictions in terms of participating in neighborhood activities, the vegetable gardens in their own homes provided the main space for them to take part in such activities. The average satisfaction rate of the seniors in non-urban areas about the affordance of the neighborhood environment was 3.81 (the highest score is 5.00). While the elderly people tended to be more satisfied with the provision of space for activities, resting and sheltering, they were rather dissatisfied about the provision of space for learning and facilities. In addition, communities that offer senior centers for senior citizens to stay active were appealing to the older population with mobility issues. The senior citizens were more satisfied with the affordance of the community centers than that of their own vegetable gardens. The factors that significantly affected the satisfaction level of the older population in non-urban areas regarding the affordance of the community centers included the provision of safety, accessibility and the functionality for carrying out activities. As for their satisfaction about the affordance of the neighborhood environment, factors such as ＂provision of support for seniors and social exchanges＂, ＂provision of functions for leisure activities in the neighborhood＂, ＂provision of accessibility in the neighborhood＂ and ＂provision of natural scenes in the neighborhood＂ had had a positive influence.