大學性質與經營的變與不變

Change and Constant of University Trait and Management

本研究以資料分析方法，探討中古世紀以來西方與我國大學的歷史發展與性質的改變，以及大學辦學的樣貌，並提出大學經營的變與不變之間的省思。研究指出，大學的發展從單一專業到多元合流，兼重教學與研究，不僅是傳授知識，也在創造知識，更是具有超國界性格的複雜性組織。 大學辦學以自我定位與目標為導向，也受到教育政策的引導，大學排行指引，以及對應評鑑指標而辦學。為發揮大學辦學的綜效，大學的領導者應以其教育哲思與辦學理念啟動領導的動能，結合校務研究與評鑑機制，做一整體性的決策，並朝特色辦學與績效責任的機制努力，對社會賦予人文關懷與善盡社會責任，使大學不僅能連結在地也能國際化而能永續發展。

Based on document analysis, this study explored university development history from medieval age. Meanwhile, the traits of university changes during the development process also be discussed. In addition, this study analyzed and reflected manifestation and strategy of university management. The finding pointed out that university's trait will be continuous, dynamic development, and combines single profession and multi-stream, teaching and research, deliver and create knowledge. Especially, the across nations is unchanged from medieval age. On the other hand, university management was based on orientation and goal, educational policy, ranking and evaluation. Finally, suggestions pointed out that leaders of university must base on philosophy to lead leadership force, combine institute research and evaluation mechanism, integrate decision making, and go forward to trait management and accountability. Meanwhile, university will take social responsibility, connect region and go forward to internationalization for sustainable development.