國家？家國？全國性人民團體命名與競爭的國族想像

“Regarding Country as Home” or “Regarding Home as Country”?: The Imagination and Contestations of Nation in the Naming Politics of National Civil Organization

本文以標示群體名稱的「人民團體名」為媒介，旨在揭示政治力對於命名權的掌控已脫離了「公共」範疇，而更進一步地侵入了「私有」領域。文中採用歷史文獻分析法，由法規條文的歷史演變查看引起人民團體命名爭議的根本原因。特別聚焦在全國性人民團體名稱冠以行政區域名作法所產生的國族符號競爭。研究揭示，政府藉由各項法規的制定，要求人民團體之區域範圍依行政區域組織甚至分級，以及人民團體名稱冠以行政區域名稱、全國性團體名稱冠以中華民國字樣等作法，進行「以地統人」與「以人統地」的雙重治理。原本受到政治力干預而命名的行政區域名，從而又對人民團體的認同與情感產生影響。在法律的規範下，全國性職業團體長久以來被限制冠以「中華民國」字樣，呈顯出與「他者」──尤其是中華人民共和國區別化的國族認同。而全國性社會團體原先被要求須以「中國」、「中華」或「中華民國」為名，顯示政府遷臺後仍持續以舊有的政治、國家符號作為「全國性」象徵，強迫教化臺灣人民「以國為家」。1999年以後「臺灣」一詞的「合法」使用，標示出臺灣人民「以家為國」的在地實踐，由下而上發起力量創造出新的、競爭的國族符號，與其他力量共同推促、實踐著臺灣國族認同的轉向。

By taking the names of civil organizations which identify groups as the medium, this paper aims to reveal that the political control of naming rights has been out of the “public” sphere and further into the “private” sphere. The historical literature analysis is adopted to probe into the root of disputes over the naming of civil organizations by surveying the historical evolution of the related laws and regulations. Especially focused on the struggle of national symbols which arise from the names of national civil organizations which are prefixed the names of administrative region. This study reveals that the government, by enacting the relevant laws and regulations, requires that civil organizations organize and even grade according to the administrative regions, prefix the names of administrative regions to civil organizations, and prefix Republic of China to national organizations to carry out the dual governance with “Rule the People by the Land” and “Rule the Land by the People”. The name of the district, which is named after political intervention, is represented to influence the identity and affection of the civil organizations. The naming of national occupational organizations has long been forced to prefix the words “Republic of China”, showing the different national identity from the other-People's Republic of China. The names of the national social organizations were originally required to prefix “China”, “Chinese” or “Republic of China” showed the government still continued to use the old political and national symbols to force the Taiwanese to “Regard Country as Home” after the R. O. C. regime exiled to Taiwan. Since 1999, the “legitimate” use of the word “Taiwan” has marked the Taiwanese localized practice of the “Regard Home as Country”. The bottom-up forces have been creating new and competitive national symbols, together with other forces pushing the turn of Taiwanese national identity.