放逐／反放逐：重探〈屈原賈生列傳〉合傳意義與「發憤著書」說

Exile and Counter-Exile: Researching the Questions and Passions of The Double Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi

本文嘗試從「放逐（exile）／反放逐（counter-exile）」視角，重新解構〈屈賈列傳〉，期能在前賢研究成果上，進一步深化合傳意義，重新詮釋「發憤著書」說：從編纂角度看，史公不僅在敘事脈絡上，企圖以「放逐――創作」貫串兩人；在史料的剪裁、取捨間，刻意忽視賈誼的政治才華，著重於與屈原俱為逐臣的經歷。屈原與賈誼，同樣面臨貶謫（放逐），採取著作申發（反放逐）；不僅是為了抵抗現實、尋求異代知音，在某種程度上，也具有寬慰、舒緩的療癒效果，並激盪出不朽的人格典型與文學範式（反放逐）；史公在身、心層面經歷形同「放逐」的重擊，體會楚騷發憤抒情的觀點，進而運用在史傳創作上，發憤著書，而能成一家之言，垂範後世，發揮「反放逐」的積極效用。

From perspectives of exile and counter-exile, the author tries to reconstruct The Double Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi. The author, based on the study results of the predecessors, hopes to further study the questions of double biography, and reinterprets the saying of ‘Passions of Writing Books'. Sima Qian, in the view of compilation, tried to connect Qu Yuan, and Jia Yi with exile (write). Among the cutting and choice of historical materials, Sima Qian pretentiously neglected the political talents of Jia Yi; yet, he rather emphasized the common experiences, which Jia Yi and Qu Yuan had been as exile servants. Qu Yuan and Jia Yi, whom all had faced being exiled, expressed their counter-exile by writing. They not only resisted reality, and searched for intimate mates, but to some degrees had the comforting effects, which aroused immortal characteristics and literature norms (i.e. counter-exile). Sima Qian, whom physically and mentally had been hardly struck, experienced the viewpoints of Chu Tzu, and further applied to historical biography. As a result, he built his statement of academic analysis, and used as positive effects of counter-exile.