英文摘要 |
This study focuses on discussing the changes of what the government or the nation should or shouldn't do through the evolution of capitalism. In addition, it tries to explain the changes by using the framework of rationalism. I will first discuss the individual periods of capitalism and then analyze the changes of the government's role and its interference, as well as the influence on politics and economics during the periods. I plan to start analyzing the viewpoint from the earlier capitalism, mercantilism. Through the middle and glorious periods of capitalism, which claimed that the government should adapt laissez faire policy for the market and that the smallest government is the best, it causes the enormousness and monopoly of the private department, till socialism proclaimed the need of government service and called for the active interference of the government. Then, I will discuss the interference of the government in the laetst period of capitalism, and state the defects and results of government interference. In the meantime, I will propose the viewpoint of public choice and public service. Because the providesr---the government and the consumer and people of service have different standpoints and thoughts, it results in the variety of services and needs, which causes the service disconnection of supply and demand. As a result, it produces a great deal problems in political negotiation during the final period of capitalism. Therefore, governments service and supply in contemporary capitalism start to transform to diversity. From the negative side, I analyze the culmination of private enterprise wealth, considering the unequal distribution of wealth caused,or try to protect so called social justice and righteousness by repressing the expansion of private enterprises. On the contrary, by using the gigantic effectiveness, flexibility and diversity from private enterprises, it replaces rigid departments under the traditional bureaucracy and the planning economy and offers the service that the government should provides, just like the private participation, the focus of attention recently. Finally, I will treat the change in the government's role and the orientation of private involvement, together with the analytic mode of its approach. |