公車專用道公車旅行時間與延滯特性之分析

An Investigation of Bus Travel Time and Delay Characteristics on Exclusive Bus Lanes

公車旅行時間會受到路況、號誌、乘客上下車與其他相關因素之影響。上述因素引發停滯時間的長短，會影響乘客最重視的公車旅行時間及服務可靠度，而公車專用道之設置可以大幅改善旅行時間及服務可靠度。本研究以台北市22路公車路線為調查分析對象，除分析導致公車停滯的因素以及分析各停滯時間佔其旅行時間的比例，並分析公車專用道實施對公車旅行時間與停滯比例的影響。就有限的調查資料分析結果顯示:公車行駛專用道有較高的旅行速率與行駛速率，而不論有否公車專用道，公車因號誌的延滯時間佔總旅行時間之比例顯著大於其他國家的公車系統。因此公車專用道之號誌連鎖或優先權之設計，為未來進一步改善公車專用道的策略。

Bus travel time is affected by factors such as traffic and road conditions, signal designs, passenger boarding and alighting times, etc. These factors have significant influences on bus service reliability, which is perceived by bus passengers as an important indicator for qua1ity. The implementation of exclusive bus lanes is among the promising a1tematives to improve bus travel time and service reliability. This research investigates bus travel time and delay factors for buses traveling on exclusive bus lanes and on general mixed traffic lanes. Field surveys on travel time and delay factors are conducted for Route 22 in Taipei. The results show that the bus travel and running speeds on exclusive bus lanes are significantly higher than that on general mixed traffic flow conditions. It is also found that bus delay time caused by traffic signals is about one third of total travel time, regardless of exclusive bus lanes or not. This traffic signal delay ratio is higher than that of cities in other countries. It is suggested that the effectiveness of exclusive bus lanes can be further improved by introducing bus signal preemption and priority strategies.