試論無形文化遺產概念下的「文化空間」

On “the Cultural Space＂ from the perspective of Intangible Cultural Heritage

「文化空間」是聯合國教科文組織在策劃《人類口傳與無形遺產傑作公告》計畫的過程中所提出的重要概念，一方面催生了2003年通過採行的《保護無形文化遺產公約》，擴展了文化遺產更為全面的保護面向；另方面亦促使「世界遺產地」的保護更加關注其「無形價值」，強調有形遺產與無形遺產間的依存與共生關係，而文化空間是聯繫有形遺產與無形遺產的關鍵元素。本文題旨在於彰顯國際文化遺產組織在推動無形文化遺產保護過程中「文化場所」所扮演的關鍵角色，並藉由檢視從《人類口傳與無形遺產傑作公告》到制訂《保護無形文化遺產公約》過程中相關文件與相關學者的論述來探究「文化空間」在文化遺產整體保護的本質意義。「文化空間」概念的提出可以協助思考文化遺產保護更為全觀的範疇與策略，一方面可做為有形文化遺產保護較為側重其物質真實性的補充，另方面則將無形文化遺產的保護延伸到其創生、展演、傳承與再創造的空間條件或棲所（habitat），以保護其文化真實性。

“Cultural space” is an important concept which caused the birth of the “Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage”, and put more attention to the intangible value of the world heritage site. “Cultural space” is the pivotal element connecting the cultural and intangible heritage, and emphasizes the interdependency and symbiotic relationship between tangible and intangible heritage. The aim of this paper is focused on the important role of “cultural space” played in the process of the promotion of intangible cultural heritage protection. Through probing into documents from the “Proclamation of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” to “Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage” and derived related discourses, the innate quality and significance could be revealed. The concept of “cultural space” could help us rethink about the holistic extent and strategy of the protection of the cultural heritage.