從記憶機構化談文化資產保存

From the Institutionalization of Memory to the Safeguarding of Cultural Heritage

近年來，文化資產保存受到重視，不論是對有形文化資產的認定及維護，或是對無形文化資產的保存與傳承，各國文化行政組織皆不遺餘力。而文化資產的定義論述，也在聯合國教科文組織《保護世界文化和自然遺產公約》、《保護無形文化遺產公約》的內容規範下風起雲湧。文化資產本為人類集體記憶的載具，然而其意義與價值卻在機構的權力運作中不斷變動著。本文即以回顧記憶的機構建置為開端，藉由探討其中的知識產製過程、物質與非物質之間的相互依存與辯證關係，進而指出歷史記憶與文化資產的重要性，就在於再現與重製它們時所能帶出的當代詮釋。

The safeguarding of cultural heritage has become a matter of concern for different countries worldwide in recent years. Cultural administrations endeavor to settle issues like listing, maintenance, preserving and practicing for both tangible and intangible heritages. The discourse of cultural heritage raged after UNESCO's declaration of “Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage＂ and ＂The Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage＂. The meaning and value of cultural heritage had been altered consequently, despite it was, in fact and originally, the vehicle of human collective memories. The present paper intends to discuss the process of knowledge production in memory institutions, and the dialectical relationship between material and non-material subjects, so as to reveal that the very significance of historical memory and cultural heritage lies in the contemporary interpretation of them by reproduction and representation.