反思邊界：俄羅斯的觀點與實踐

Rethinking Borders: A Russian Perspective and Practice

俄羅斯的疆域遼闊，許多遷徙的規模更甚跨國境的移動。洛特曼透過分析語言及文化形構的歷程，討論個人在空間裡對內、外分際的察覺和實踐。俄羅斯人對於疆界與分界的想像和定義，隨著政權體制與社會結構的變換而有不同的判讀。本文藉觀察帝俄晚期的國家政策與人文活動，探究因戰爭、流放、拓邊等國境之內的「出界」形式，檢視「境／界」的意義在洛特曼描述的狀態裡，呼應巴里巴爾對於邊界成因的關注，兩者之於反思越界這個命題的意義，對於當前少數以國家安全之名施行邊境管制的政策，在面對世界經濟、文化逐漸走向無國界發展的當下，嘗試提煉出值得借鑒的思維。

In the vast land of Russia, the scale of internal migration is quite demanding. Through his analysis of the boundary in semiosphere, Y. M. Lotman discovered the awareness and practice of differentiation a man senses within and / or outside the space comprised of languages and forces. In Russia, the idea of borders, or boundaries, is subject to change with political regimes and social construction. According toÉ. Balibar, the end of the Soviet and Eastern bloc indicated a timing for the (re)arrangement of the borders and territories. This paper aims to discover borders formulated by, or resulting from, expedition, resettle-ment and exile in late imperial Russia. If my intension of building up a conversation between Balibar and Lotman is possible, their views on the question of border / boundary may hint that the purpose of such lines is (un)necessary as we move into a world of a boundless culture and economy.